Lasing applications have spread over various aspects of human life. To meet the developing trends of the laser industry towards being miniature, portable, and highly integrated, new laser technologies are in urgent demand. Organic semiconductors are promising gain medium candidates for novel laser devices, due to their convenient processing techniques, ease of spectral and chemical tuning, low refractive indexes, mechanical flexibilities, and low thresholds, etc. organic solid-state lasers (OSSLs) open up a new horizon of simple, low-cost, time-saving, versatile and environmental-friendly manufacturing technologies for new and desirable laser structures (micro-, asymmetric, flexible, etc.) to unleash the full potential of semiconductor lasers for future electronics. Besides the development of optical feedback structures, the design and synthesis of robust organic gain media is critical as a vigorous aspect of OSSLs. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in organic gain materials, mainly focused on organic semiconductors for OSSLs. The significant breakthroughs toward electrical pumping of OSSLs are emphasized. Opportunities, challenges and future research directions for the design of organic gain media are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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有机固态激光器：材料观点和未来发展。

激光应用已经遍及人类生活的各个方面。为了满足激光工业向小型化，便携式和高度集成化的发展趋势，迫切需要新的激光技术。有机半导体由于其便捷的加工技术，易于进行光谱和化学调谐，低折射率，机械柔韧性和低阈值等优点，有望成为新型激光设备的增益介质候选者。有机固态激光器（OSSL）开启了简单，低成本，省时，多功能和环保的制造技术的新视野，适用于新型且理想的激光结构（微型，不对称，柔性等）。），以释放半导体激光器在未来电子领域的全部潜力。除了开发光学反馈结构外，强大的有机增益介质的设计和合成对于OSSL的蓬勃发展也至关重要。在此，我们对有机增益材料的最新进展进行了全面的综述，主要针对OSSL的有机半导体。着重介绍了OSSL电泵的重大突破。还讨论了有机增益介质设计的机遇，挑战和未来的研究方向。