ABSTRACT

Using a combination of energy – dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, the effect of acids (sulfuric, hydrochloric, and nitric) and energy impacts (electrochemical, mechanochemical, high power electromagnetic pulses, ultrasound) on the leaching parameters of eudialyte concentrate was studied. Zr and Σ REE recovery after a single stage when using sulfuric acid was 91.5% and 82.4%, when using hydrochloric acid – 83.9% and 83.6%, when using nitric acid – 76.9% and 79.6%, respectively. Using sulfuric acid leads to the formation of the maximum amount of silicate gel and high loss of valuable components, while hydrochloric acid is highly aggressive to the process equipment. The possibility of nitric acid leaching intensifying by applying ultrasonic impacts was determined which disperse colloidal silicate gel, prevents the formation and precipitation of the gel on the mineral surface, provides the formation of numerous defects and microcracks on the eudialyte grains surface, including breakage thereof. Three stages of nitric acid leaching of eudialyte concentrate with an ultrasonic treatment in the first stage provide the highest recovery of zirconium (97.1%) and rare earth elements (94.5%) at a minimal loss of valuable components with silica gel. The process is recommended for commercialization.

摘要

结合使用能量 - 色散 X 射线光谱、X 射线衍射、X 射线荧光、红外和 X 射线光电子能谱、酸（硫酸、盐酸和硝酸）的影响和能量影响（电化学、机械化学、研究了高功率电磁脉冲、超声波）对 eudialyte 浓缩物浸出参数的影响。使用硫酸时，单级后 Zr 和 Σ REE 回收率分别为 91.5% 和 82.4%，使用盐酸时分别为 83.9% 和 83.6%，使用硝酸时分别为 76.9% 和 79.6%。使用硫酸会导致最大量的硅酸盐凝胶的形成和有价值成分的大量损失，而盐酸对工艺设备具有很强的腐蚀性。确定了通过应用超声冲击强化硝酸浸出的可能性，这分散了胶体硅酸盐凝胶，防止了凝胶在矿物表面上的形成和沉淀，在真渗析物颗粒表面上提供了许多缺陷和微裂纹的形成，包括其破裂。优透析液浓缩物的三个阶段硝酸浸出和第一阶段的超声波处理可提供最高的锆 (97.1%) 和稀土元素 (94.5%) 回收率，同时使用硅胶将有价值组分的损失降至最低。该过程被推荐用于商业化。包括其破损。优透析液浓缩物的三个阶段硝酸浸出和第一阶段的超声波处理可提供最高的锆 (97.1%) 和稀土元素 (94.5%) 回收率，同时使用硅胶将有价值组分的损失降至最低。该过程被推荐用于商业化。包括其破损。优透析液浓缩物的三个阶段硝酸浸出和第一阶段的超声波处理可提供最高的锆 (97.1%) 和稀土元素 (94.5%) 回收率，同时使用硅胶将有价值组分的损失降至最低。该过程被推荐用于商业化。