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Disadvantages of living in a populous neighborhood for sit‐and‐wait predators: Competition for space reduces pit‐trap size in antlion larvae
Ethology ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 , DOI: 10.1111/eth.13079
Alejandro G. Farji‐Brener 1 , Agostina S. Juncosa‐Polzella 2 , Daniela Madrigal Tejada 3 , Diego Centeno‐Alvarado 4 , Mariana Hernández‐Soto 5 , Mayori Soto‐Huaira 6 , Sebastián Gutiérrez‐Cruz 7
Affiliation  

The study of how trap design responds to biotic and abiotic conditions can help to understand the selective forces affecting the foraging of trap‐building organisms. We experimentally tested whether pit design can be modified by intraspecific competition for space in larvae of Myrmeleon crudelis, a common sit‐and‐wait predator that digs conical pit traps in the soil to capture walking arthropods. In a tropical forest in Costa Rica, we measured pit dimensions, larval body size, and the level of competition (i.e., density of neighboring traps) in 40 antlion larvae. These larvae were then taken to the laboratory and allowed to build new traps in individual containers. We measured within‐individual changes in the size of traps in the field and in the laboratory, and related these to the level of competition experienced in the field. Larvae with relatively high levels of competition in the field showed a greater increase in the size of their pits in the laboratory. This change was independent of larval size. Larvae with none or few neighbors in the field showed little change in their pit sizes, whereas those with higher competition levels increased their diameter and depth up to 1,400% and 1,000%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that, at least in high‐density aggregations, pit design is restricted by competition in addition to the constraints imposed by body size. This work suggests that biotic interactions can play a role in the design of extended phenotypes in sit‐and‐wait predators that live in dense aggregations.

中文翻译:

生活在人口众多的掠食性动物社区中的不利条件:空间竞争减少了小鹿圈幼体的陷阱陷阱大小

对诱捕器设计如何响应生物和非生物条件的研究可以帮助理解影响诱捕器生物体觅食的选择性力。我们通过实验测试了是否可以通过对桃金娘的幼虫进行种内竞争来改变坑的设计,一种常见的静坐等待捕食者,它在土壤中挖出圆锥形的陷阱,以捕获步行的节肢动物。在哥斯达黎加的一个热带森林中,我们测量了40头蚁类幼体的坑尺寸,幼体大小和竞争水平(即相邻诱捕器的密度)。然后将这些幼虫带到实验室,并在单独的容器中建立新的陷阱。我们测量了田间和实验室中捕集阱尺寸的个体内部变化,并将其与现场所经历的竞争水平相关联。在田间竞争相对较高的幼虫在实验室中的窝孔尺寸增加更大。这种变化与幼体大小无关。在田间没有邻居或几乎没有邻居的幼虫,其坑的大小几乎没有变化,而竞争水平较高的国家,其直径和深度分别增加了1400%和1000%。我们的结果表明,至少在高密度聚集体中,除车身尺寸所施加的约束之外,凹坑设计还受到竞争的约束。这项工作表明,生物相互作用可以在居住在密集聚集中的静观其变的捕食者中扩展表型的设计中发挥作用。
更新日期:2020-07-16
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