Metal ions in ternary LIB cathode materials (LiCoO₂/LiNiO₂/LiMn₂O₄) were leached into hydrothermal water with citric acid at 60–90 °C. The leaching efficiency increased with temperature and time. Mn ion was completely leached at 60 °C for 5 min, and at 90 °C for 20 min, the leaching efficiencies of Li, Ni, and Co arrived at 81 %, 73 %, and 100 %, respectively. Hydrothermal leaching has a higher rate than the traditional method and avoids the pollutions caused by high-concentration acids and reductants like H₂O₂. To improve the Ni leaching efficiency, hydrothermal leaching of binary LIB cathode materials (LiCoO₂/LiNiO₂) with citric acid was performed at 90–120 °C. At above 100 °C for 20 min, the Ni leaching efficiency reached to 90 %. A shrinking unreacted-core model was adopted to predict reaction behavior, and the activated energy for leaching each metal was calculated. Additionally, a reasonable correlation of the rate constants of Co leaching at different pulp densities was attempted.

LIB三元阴极材料（LiCoO ₂ / LiNiO ₂ / LiMn ₂ O ₄）中的金属离子在60–90°C的条件下浸入柠檬酸水热水中。浸出效率随温度和时间的增加而增加。Mn离子在60°C下完全浸出5分钟，在90°C下完全浸出20分钟，Li，Ni和Co的浸出效率分别达到81％，73％和100％。与传统方法相比，水热浸出率更高，并且避免了高浓度酸和H ₂ O ₂等还原剂所造成的污染。为了提高Ni的浸出效率，对二元LIB阴极材料（LiCoO ₂ / LiNiO ₂）在90–120°C下用柠檬酸进行。在高于100°C的温度下持续20分钟，镍的浸出效率达到90％。采用收缩的未反应核模型预测反应行为，并计算了浸出每种金属的活化能。另外，尝试了在不同纸浆密度下Co浸出速率常数的合理相关性。