Abstract This work focuses on the open-loop and closed-loop analysis of a continuous stirred tank reactor for zinc leaching from sphalerite (ZnS) via modeling and simulation approaches. The corresponding process analysis is based on a multi-input multi-output, approach by considering the inlet flows of minerals, acid solution, and aeration as process inputs and dissolved oxygen, ZnS concentrations, and pH as process outputs. An analysis of the relative gain array matrix was performed to determine the best control input pairs. In addition, a bifurcation analysis was carried out considering the process inputs as bifurcation parameters to show adequate operating regions. A local stability analysis of the selected equilibrium points in the chemical reactor under the previously selected operating conditions is presented, employing an eigenvalue analysis. Finally, a class of smooth super twisting sliding-mode controller is proposed to regulate the corresponding dissolved oxygen and pH in the reactor, which leads to increased sphalerite leaching; its performance was compared with a standard super twisting sliding-mode controller. The controllability of the reactor was analyzed via the dynamic behavior of the uncontrolled variables (zero dynamics). Numerical experiments show the satisfactory performance of the proposed controller under the selected operating conditions.

中文翻译：

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控制连续搅拌槽式反应器浸锌

摘要 这项工作的重点是通过建模和模拟方法对从闪锌矿 (ZnS) 浸出锌的连续搅拌釜反应器进行开环和闭环分析。相应的过程分析基于多输入多输出方法，将矿物、酸溶液和曝气的入口流量作为过程输入，将溶解氧、ZnS 浓度和 pH 作为过程输出。对相对增益阵列矩阵进行分析以确定最佳控制输入对。此外，还进行了分岔分析，将过程输入视为分岔参数，以显示足够的操作区域。介绍了在先前选定的操作条件下化学反应器中选定平衡点的局部稳定性分析，采用特征值分析。最后，提出了一类光滑的超扭曲滑模控制器来调节反应器中相应的溶解氧和pH值，从而导致闪锌矿浸出增加；将其性能与标准的超扭曲滑模控制器进行了比较。反应器的可控性通过不受控制的变量（零动力学）的动态行为进行分析。数值实验表明，所提出的控制器在选定的操作条件下具有令人满意的性能。反应器的可控性通过不受控制的变量（零动力学）的动态行为进行分析。数值实验表明，所提出的控制器在选定的操作条件下具有令人满意的性能。反应器的可控性通过不受控制的变量（零动力学）的动态行为进行分析。数值实验表明，所提出的控制器在选定的操作条件下具有令人满意的性能。