The balance and interplay between sexual and asexual reproduction is one of the most intriguing mysteries in the study of fungi. The choice of developmental strategy reflects the ability of fungi to adapt to the changing environment. However, the evolution of developmental paths and the metabolic regulation during differentiation and morphogenesis are poorly understood. Here, an analysis was performed of carbohydrate metabolism and gene expression regulation during the early differentiation process from the vegetative mycelium, to the differentiated structures, fruiting body, oidia and sclerotia, of a homokaryotic fruiting Coprinopsis cinerea strain A43mutB43mut pab1-1 #326. Changes during morphogenesis and the evolution of developmental strategies were followed. Conversion between glucose and glycogen and between glucose and beta-glucan were the main carbon flows in the differentiation processes. Genes related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism were significantly differentially expressed among paths. Sclerotia displayed a set of specifically up-regulated genes that were enriched in the carbon metabolism and energy production and conversion processes. Evolutionary transcriptomic analysis of four developmental paths showed that all transcriptomes were under the purifying selection, and the more stressful the environment, the younger the transcriptome age. Oidiation has the lowest value of transcriptome age index (TAI) and transcriptome divergence index (TDI), while the fruiting process has the highest of both indexes. These findings provide new insights into the regulations of carbon metabolism and gene expressions during the early stages of fungal developmental paths differentiation, and improve our understanding of the evolutionary process of life history and reproductive strategy in fungi.

有性繁殖和无性繁殖之间的平衡和相互作用是真菌研究中最有趣的谜团之一。发展策略的选择反映了真菌适应环境变化的能力。然而，发育路径的演变和分化和形态发生过程中的代谢调节知之甚少。此处，在从营养菌丝体的早期分化过程碳水化合物代谢和基因表达调控的进行分析，以分化的结构，一个挂果子实体同核体，oidia和菌核，Coprinopsis孢菌株A43mutB43mut pab1-1#326. 形态发生过程中的变化和发育策略的演变得到了跟踪。葡萄糖和糖原之间以及葡萄糖和β-葡聚糖之间的转化是分化过程中的主要碳流。与碳水化合物转运和代谢相关的基因在路径之间显着差异表达。菌核显示出一组在碳代谢和能量产生和转化过程中富集的特异性上调基因。四种发育路径的进化转录组学分析表明，所有转录组都处于纯化选择之下，环境压力越大，转录组年龄越小。Oidiation 的转录组年龄指数 (TAI) 和转录组发散指数 (TDI) 的值最低，而出菇过程在这两个指标中最高。这些发现为真菌发育路径分化早期阶段碳代谢和基因表达的调控提供了新的见解，并提高了我们对真菌生命史和繁殖策略进化过程的理解。