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Seasonal variation of surface radiation and energy balances over two contrasting areas of the seasonally dry tropical forest (Caatinga) in the Brazilian semi-arid.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 , DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08484-y Camilla K Borges 1 , Carlos A C Dos Santos 1 , Rayonil G Carneiro 2 , Lindenberg L da Silva 1 , Gabriel de Oliveira 3 , Denis Mariano 4 , Madson T Silva 1 , Bernardo B da Silva 1 , Bergson G Bezerra 5 , Aldrin M Perez-Marin 6 , Salomão de S Medeiros 6
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 , DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08484-y Camilla K Borges 1 , Carlos A C Dos Santos 1 , Rayonil G Carneiro 2 , Lindenberg L da Silva 1 , Gabriel de Oliveira 3 , Denis Mariano 4 , Madson T Silva 1 , Bernardo B da Silva 1 , Bergson G Bezerra 5 , Aldrin M Perez-Marin 6 , Salomão de S Medeiros 6
Affiliation
Arid and semi-arid environments correspond to one-third of the Earth’s terrestrial surface. In these environments, precipitation is an essential and limiting element for vegetation growth and ecosystem biomass productivity. The semi-arid region of Brazil comprises around 11.5% of the national territory, where the Caatinga biome originally composed ~ 76% of this area, with water deficit as a prominent feature, annual rainfall lower than 800 mm, temperatures ranging between 25 and 30 °C, and potential evapotranspiration higher than 2000 mm/year. Research on the dynamics of mass and heat fluxes through techniques such as eddy covariance (EC) has contributed to estimate the magnitude and seasonal patterns of turbulent exchanges between ecosystems and the atmosphere. This study was conducted in an area of dense Caatinga (DC) and another of sparse Caatinga (SC) from 2013 to 2014. It was observed that albedo (α) and net radiation (Rn) were higher in the SC compared with DC since the magnitude of incoming shortwave radiation was higher in this area. It was found that most of the Rn is converted to sensible heat flux (H), mainly during the dry period in the SC, about 50% for H and 20% for λE. The energy balance closure showed that the turbulent fluxes (H + λE) were underestimated in comparison to the available energy at the surface (Rn − G). We also observed that this discrepancy was higher in the DC area, corresponding to ~ 30%.
中文翻译:
在巴西半干旱地区,季节性干燥的热带森林(Caatinga)的两个对比区域中,表面辐射和能量平衡的季节性变化。
干旱和半干旱环境对应于地球陆地表面的三分之一。在这些环境中,降水是植被生长和生态系统生物量生产力的基本要素。巴西的半干旱地区约占该国领土的11.5%,其中Caatinga生物群落最初占该地区的76%,缺水为突出特征,年降雨量低于800毫米,温度范围为25至30 °C,且潜在蒸散量高于2000 mm /年。通过诸如涡度协方差(EC)等技术对质量和热通量的动力学进行的研究有助于估算生态系统与大气之间湍流交换的强度和季节模式。与DC相比,SC中的α)和净辐射(R n)更高,因为在该区域中进入的短波辐射的强度更高。结果发现,大多数的ř Ñ被转换为感热通量(ħ),主要过程中SC干期间,约50%为ħ和λ20%ë。能量平衡闭合表明,湍流通量(ħ +λ ë)在比较在表面(低估了可用能量ř ñ - G ^)。我们还观察到该差异在DC区域较高,相当于〜30%。
更新日期:2020-07-16
中文翻译:
在巴西半干旱地区,季节性干燥的热带森林(Caatinga)的两个对比区域中,表面辐射和能量平衡的季节性变化。
干旱和半干旱环境对应于地球陆地表面的三分之一。在这些环境中,降水是植被生长和生态系统生物量生产力的基本要素。巴西的半干旱地区约占该国领土的11.5%,其中Caatinga生物群落最初占该地区的76%,缺水为突出特征,年降雨量低于800毫米,温度范围为25至30 °C,且潜在蒸散量高于2000 mm /年。通过诸如涡度协方差(EC)等技术对质量和热通量的动力学进行的研究有助于估算生态系统与大气之间湍流交换的强度和季节模式。与DC相比,SC中的α)和净辐射(R n)更高,因为在该区域中进入的短波辐射的强度更高。结果发现,大多数的ř Ñ被转换为感热通量(ħ),主要过程中SC干期间,约50%为ħ和λ20%ë。能量平衡闭合表明,湍流通量(ħ +λ ë)在比较在表面(低估了可用能量ř ñ - G ^)。我们还观察到该差异在DC区域较高,相当于〜30%。