The ERA5 reanalysis product has been compared with hourly near-surface wind speed and gust observations across Sweden for 2013–2017. ERA5 shows closer agreement than the previous ERA-Interim reanalysis with regard to both mean wind speed and gust measurements, although significant discrepancies are still found for inland and mountainous regions. Therefore, attempts have been made to improve formulations of the gust parametrization used in ERA5 by adding an elevation-dependency and by adjusting the convective gust contribution. Major improvements, especially over mountain regions, are achieved when the elevation differences among the stations are considered. Closer agreement between the observed and parametrized gusts is reached when the convective gust contribution is also tuned. The newly designed gust parametrization was also tested for Norway, which is characterized by more complex topography. Wind gusts from the selected Norwegian stations are more realistically simulated when both the elevation-dependency and the tuned convective contribution are implemented, although the parametrized gusts are still negatively biased. Such biases are not explained by the different in gust duration in recorded wind gusts between Sweden and Norway.

ERA5再分析产品已与2013-2017年瑞典每小时小时近地面风速和阵风观测值进行了比较。在平均风速和阵风测量方面，ERA5显示出比以前的ERA-Interim重新分析更接近的一致性，尽管在内陆和山区仍存在明显差异。因此，已经尝试通过增加仰角相关性和调整对流阵风的贡献来改进ERA5中使用的阵风参数化的方法。当考虑到站之间的海拔差异时，可以实现重大改进，尤其是在山区。当对流阵风的贡献也被调整时，观测到的阵风和参数化阵风之间的关系更加紧密。新设计的阵风参数化也在挪威进行了测试，其特点是地形复杂。当同时执行仰角依赖性和对流调节时，可以更真实地模拟来自选定挪威站的阵风，尽管参数化阵风仍然会产生负偏向。瑞典和挪威之间记录的阵风中阵风持续时间的不同不能解释这种偏见。