Bacterial pericarditis is a critical diagnosis caused by a wide range of organisms including Streptococcus pneumoniae and other anaerobic organisms like Cutibacterium acnes which has been gaining more importance as a causative organism. Cutibacterium species are Gram-positive microaerophilic rods that constitute part of the normal flora of skin and mucosal membranes. The incidence of pericarditis caused by this organism is underreported as it is often dismissed as a skin flora contaminant. However, if left untreated, Cutibacterium acnes can cause pericarditis with serious complications. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the literature regarding pericarditis caused by Cutibacterium acnes along with a case presentation from our institution. In our institution, a 20-year-old man with history of atrial septal defect presented with chest pain radiating to the back along with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection including headaches and myalgia. Electrocardiogram was remarkable for diffuse low-voltage waves. Echocardiography revealed a large pericardial effusion with tamponade features. Pericardiocentesis drained 1.2 L of milky fluid. Pericardial fluid analysis grew Cutibacterium acnes after being cultured for 8 days. The patient received 3 weeks of IV penicillin followed by 3 weeks of oral amoxicillin along with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and colchicine with no recurrence. Pericarditis caused by Cutibacterium acnes requires a high clinical suspicion since isolation of this organism can be dismissed as a skin flora contaminant. Literature review reveals that this infection may be underdiagnosed and underreported. Prompt diagnosis may lead to timely initiation of antibiotics which can help prevent devastating complications like constrictive pericarditis. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the true incidence and prevalence of this disease.

中文翻译：

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由痤疮皮肤杆菌引起的心脏压塞：文献的更新和全面回顾。

细菌性心包炎是由多种微生物引起的关键诊断，包括肺炎链球菌和其他厌氧微生物，如痤疮角质杆菌，其作为致病微生物越来越重要。Cutibacterium 物种是革兰氏阳性微需氧棒，构成皮肤和粘膜正常菌群的一部分。这种微生物引起的心包炎的发病率被低估了，因为它经常被认为是一种皮肤菌群污染物。然而，如果不及时治疗，痤疮角质杆菌会引起心包炎并伴有严重的并发症。在本文中，我们全面回顾了有关痤疮皮肤杆菌引起的心包炎的文献。以及我们机构的案例介绍。在我们的机构中​​，一名有房间隔缺损病史的 20 岁男性出现胸痛并向背部放射，并伴有上呼吸道感染症状，包括头痛和肌痛。心电图表现为弥漫性低电压波。超声心动图显示大量心包积液伴填塞特征。心包穿刺引流 1.2 L 乳状液体。培养8天后心包液分析长出痤疮角质杆菌。患者接受了 3 周静脉注射青霉素，随后 3 周口服阿莫西林以及非甾体抗炎药和秋水仙碱，没有复发。痤疮角质杆菌引起的心包炎需要高度的临床怀疑，因为这种生物的分离可以被视为皮肤菌群污染物而被驳回。文献回顾表明，这种感染可能被漏诊和漏报。及时诊断可能会导致及时使用抗生素，这有助于预防严重的并发症，如缩窄性心包炎。需要前瞻性研究来评估这种疾病的真实发病率和患病率。