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The use of geological, geomorphological and soil mapping products in palaeolandscape reconstructions for the Netherlands
Netherlands Journal of Geosciences ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-15 , DOI: 10.1017/njg.2020.8
Harm Jan Pierik , Kim M. Cohen

Geological, geomorphological and soil maps provide important information on the substrate as well as on the past and present physical landscape. For the intensely studied Netherlands coastal plain and Rhine–Meuse delta, many such map datasets have been compiled over the last two centuries. These mapping materials comprise older and younger legacy datasets, often fragmented over regions. They have been compiled within various research traditions and by various parties, involving geologists, soil scientists, geomorphologists and landscape archaeologists. The maps and datasets summarise overwhelming amounts of underlying data accumulated over the last few centuries, and are therefore valuable for reconstructing past landscapes. Digital-infrastructure developments have enhanced possibilities for recombining existing and new data over the last few decades, e.g. through GIS solutions such as palaeogeographical base maps, from which multiple derived map products can be generated. Integration of thematic information from various source maps and underlying data is needed to use the accumulated data diversity to its full potential and to answer applied and fundamental scientific questions. Using diverse information to compile or update maps, however, requires awareness of legacy surveying strategies and the state of knowledge at the time the original data and maps were produced. This paper reviews the soil, geological and geomorphological mapping traditions. We evaluate their products, underlying data and the reasoning behind their compilation, focusing on their use in conventional and digital palaeogeographical mapping. This helps get the most out of large quantities of legacy and modern data, a major challenge for surface and substrate digital mapping in the big-data era.

中文翻译:

在荷兰古景观重建中使用地质、地貌和土壤测绘产品

地质、地貌和土壤图提供了有关基质以及过去和现在的自然景观的重要信息。对于深入研究的荷兰沿海平原和莱茵-默兹三角洲,在过去两个世纪中已经编制了许多此类地图数据集。这些制图材料包括较旧和较新的遗留数据集,通常分散在各个地区。它们由各种研究传统和各方编制,涉及地质学家、土壤科学家、地貌学家和景观考古学家。这些地图和数据集总结了过去几个世纪积累的大量基础数据,因此对于重建过去的景观很有价值。在过去的几十年里,数字基础设施的发展增强了重新组合现有数据和新数据的可能性,例如通过 GIS 解决方案,如古地理底图,从中可以生成多个衍生地图产品。需要整合来自各种源地图和基础数据的主题信息,以充分利用积累的数据多样性并回答应用和基础科学问题。然而,使用不同的信息来编译或更新地图,需要了解遗留的测量策略以及在制作原始数据和地图时的知识状况。本文回顾了土壤、地质和地貌制图的传统。我们评估他们的产品、基础数据及其编译背后的推理,重点关注它们在常规和数字古地理测绘中的应用。这有助于充分利用大量传统和现代数据,这是大数据时代表面和基底数字测绘的一项重大挑战。
更新日期:2020-07-15
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