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SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls
Nature ( IF 64.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-15 , DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2550-z
Nina Le Bert 1 , Anthony T Tan 1 , Kamini Kunasegaran 1 , Christine Y L Tham 1 , Morteza Hafezi 1 , Adeline Chia 1 , Melissa Hui Yen Chng 1 , Meiyin Lin 1, 2 , Nicole Tan 1 , Martin Linster 1 , Wan Ni Chia 1 , Mark I-Cheng Chen 3 , Lin-Fa Wang 1 , Eng Eong Ooi 1 , Shirin Kalimuddin 4 , Paul Anantharajah Tambyah 5, 6 , Jenny Guek-Hong Low 1, 4 , Yee-Joo Tan 2, 7 , Antonio Bertoletti 1, 8
Affiliation  

Memory T cells induced by previous pathogens can shape susceptibility to, and the clinical severity of, subsequent infections1. Little is known about the presence in humans of pre-existing memory T cells that have the potential to recognize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here we studied T cell responses against the structural (nucleocapsid (N) protein) and non-structural (NSP7 and NSP13 of ORF1) regions of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals convalescing from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (n = 36). In all of these individuals, we found CD4 and CD8 T cells that recognized multiple regions of the N protein. Next, we showed that patients (n = 23) who recovered from SARS (the disease associated with SARS-CoV infection) possess long-lasting memory T cells that are reactive to the N protein of SARS-CoV 17 years after the outbreak of SARS in 2003; these T cells displayed robust cross-reactivity to the N protein of SARS-CoV-2. We also detected SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in individuals with no history of SARS, COVID-19 or contact with individuals who had SARS and/or COVID-19 (n = 37). SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in uninfected donors exhibited a different pattern of immunodominance, and frequently targeted NSP7 and NSP13 as well as the N protein. Epitope characterization of NSP7-specific T cells showed the recognition of protein fragments that are conserved among animal betacoronaviruses but have low homology to ‘common cold’ human-associated coronaviruses. Thus, infection with betacoronaviruses induces multi-specific and long-lasting T cell immunity against the structural N protein. Understanding how pre-existing N- and ORF1-specific T cells that are present in the general population affect the susceptibility to and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is important for the management of the current COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells were found in individuals who had recovered from SARS or COVID-19 and in unexposed donors, although with different patterns of immunoreactivity.

中文翻译:

COVID-19 和 SARS 病例中的 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 T 细胞免疫,以及未感染的对照

由先前病原体诱导的记忆 T 细胞可以塑造对后续感染的易感性和临床严重程度 1。人们对预先存在的记忆 T 细胞是否存在于人类中知之甚少,这些 T 细胞有可能识别严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2)。在这里,我们研究了从 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 康复的个体中针对 SARS-CoV-2 的结构(核衣壳 (N) 蛋白)和非结构(ORF1 的 NSP7 和 NSP13)区域的 T 细胞反应(n = 36 )。在所有这些个体中,我们发现了识别 N 蛋白多个区域的 CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞。下一个,我们发现,从 SARS(与 SARS-CoV 感染相关的疾病)中康复的患者(n = 23)拥有持久的记忆 T 细胞,这些 T 细胞在 2003 年 SARS 爆发 17 年后对 SARS-CoV 的 N 蛋白有反应; 这些 T 细胞对 SARS-CoV-2 的 N 蛋白表现出强烈的交叉反应性。我们还在没有 SARS、COVID-19 病史或与患有 SARS 和/或 COVID-19 的人(n = 37)接触的个体中检测到了 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 T 细胞。未感染供体的 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 T 细胞表现出不同的免疫优势模式,并且经常靶向 NSP7 和 NSP13 以及 N 蛋白。NSP7 特异性 T 细胞的表位表征表明,可以识别在动物 β 冠状病毒中保守但与“普通感冒”人类相关冠状病毒具有低同源性的蛋白质片段。因此,β冠状病毒感染诱导针对结构性N蛋白的多特异性和持久T细胞免疫。了解普通人群中预先存在的 N 和 ORF1 特异性 T 细胞如何影响 SARS-CoV-2 感染的易感性和发病机制对于管理当前的 COVID-19 大流行很重要。在从 SARS 或 COVID-19 中康复的个体和未暴露的供体中发现了 SARS-CoV-2 反应性 T 细胞,尽管它们具有不同的免疫反应模式。了解普通人群中预先存在的 N 和 ORF1 特异性 T 细胞如何影响 SARS-CoV-2 感染的易感性和发病机制对于管理当前的 COVID-19 大流行很重要。在从 SARS 或 COVID-19 中康复的个体和未暴露的供体中发现了 SARS-CoV-2 反应性 T 细胞,尽管它们具有不同的免疫反应模式。了解普通人群中预先存在的 N 和 ORF1 特异性 T 细胞如何影响 SARS-CoV-2 感染的易感性和发病机制对于管理当前的 COVID-19 大流行很重要。在从 SARS 或 COVID-19 中康复的个体和未暴露的供体中发现了 SARS-CoV-2 反应性 T 细胞,尽管它们具有不同的免疫反应模式。
更新日期:2020-07-15
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