Since time immemorial, human beings have used various parts of plants in either prevention or treatment of ailments. Plants are rich sources of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds with a high structural diversity. Many plants/herbs with specific biological activities such as antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, sedative, and acaricidal activity have been reported. Artemisia nilagirica (C. B. Clarke) Pamp. (Compositae) is a plant traditionally used for insect control in the southern part of India. Previous studies have demonstrated the activity of Artemisia species against pests. The present study thus evaluates the acaricidal activity of crude ethanolic extract of A. nilagirica leaves and its fractions against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus. Ticks are ectoparasites that transmit several protozoal, viral, and rickettsial diseases. In south India, R. (B.) annulatus is the commonly observed tick species. Control of these acarine parasites that adversely affect milk and meat production is a tough task. Chemical acaricides such as organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids, amitraz, and ivermectin are commonly used in tick control. The high cost, environmental hazards, and development of acaricidal resistance are some of the drawbacks of these chemical acaricides. Plant-based formulations are one of the promising approaches for the control of ectoparasites. Previously, extracts from various medicinal/aromatic plants were reported for acaricidal activity from our laboratory, such as Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston, Chassalia curviflora (Wall.) Thwaites, Jatropha curcas L., and Ageratum conyzoides Hieron. Biochemical quantification, fluorescence analysis, and primary phytochemical analysis are already reported for the ethanolic extract and its fractions of areal parts of A. nilagirica. Phytochemical characterization of ethanolic extract of A. nilagirica from Kerala, India was shown to have the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, fixed oils and fats, tannins, and glycosides.

中文翻译：

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青蒿叶对圆头蜱（Boophilus）蜱的杀螨活性

自古以来，人类就利用植物的各个部分来预防或治疗疾病。植物是次生代谢物的丰富来源，如生物碱、类固醇、萜类、黄酮类和具有高度结构多样性的酚类化合物。已经报道了许多具有特定生物活性的植物/草药，例如抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎、抗真菌、镇静和杀螨活性。Artemisia nilagirica (C. B. Clarke) Pamp. （菊科）是印度南部传统上用于控制昆虫的植物。先前的研究已经证明了蒿属植物对害虫的活性。因此，本研究评估了 A. nilagirica 叶子的粗乙醇提取物及其组分对 Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus 的杀螨活性。蜱是传播几种原生动物、病毒和立克次体疾病的体外寄生虫。在印度南部，R. (B.) annulatus 是常见的蜱种。控制这些对牛奶和肉类生产产生不利影响的螨虫寄生虫是一项艰巨的任务。化学杀螨剂，例如有机磷、合成拟除虫菊酯、双甲脒和伊维菌素，通常用于控制蜱虫。高成本、环境危害和产生杀螨剂抗性是这些化学杀螨剂的一些缺点。基于植物的制剂是控制外寄生虫的有前途的方法之一。以前，我们实验室报告了各种药用/芳香植物提取物的杀螨活性，例如 Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston、Chassalia curviflora (Wall.) Thwaites、Jatropha curcas L.、和 Ageratum conyzoides Hieron。已经报道了对 A. nilagirica 的乙醇提取物及其局部部分的生化定量、荧光分析和初级植物化学分析。来自印度喀拉拉邦的 A. nilagirica 乙醇提取物的植物化学特征表明存在萜类化合物、黄酮类化合物、类固醇、皂苷、固定油和脂肪、单宁和糖苷。