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Quantifying rice yield gaps and their causes in Eastern and Southern Africa
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-14 , DOI: 10.1111/jac.12417
Kalimuthu Senthilkumar 1 , Jonne Rodenburg 2 , Ibnou Dieng 3 , Elke Vandamme 4 , Fitta Silas Sillo 5 , Jean‐Martial Johnson 6 , Arisoa Rajaona 1 , Jemima Amielle Ramarolahy 1 , Rene Gasore 7 , Bayuh Belay Abera 8 , Geophrey J. Kajiru 9 , Jerome Mghase 10 , Jimmy Lamo 11 , Raymond Rabeson 12 , Kazuki Saito 3
Affiliation  

The demand for rice in Eastern and Southern Africa is rapidly increasing because of changes in consumer preferences and urbanization. However, local rice production lags behind consumption, mainly due to low yield levels. In order to set priorities for research and development aimed at improving rice productivity, there is a need to characterize the rice production environments, to quantify rice yield gaps—that is, the difference between average on‐farm yield and the best farmers’ yield—and to identify causes of yield gaps. Such information will help identifying and targeting technologies to alleviate the main constraints, and consequently to reduce existing yield gaps. Yield gap surveys were conducted on 357 rice farms at eight sites (19–50 farmers per site) across five rice‐producing countries in Eastern and Southern Africa—that is Ethiopia, Madagascar, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda—for one or two years (2012–13) to collect both quantitative and qualitative data at field and farm level. Average farm yields measured at the eight sites ranged from 1.8 to 4.3 t/ha and the average yield gap ranged from 0.8 to 3.4 t/ha. Across rice‐growing environments, major causes for yield variability were straw management, weeding frequency, growth duration of the variety, weed cover, fertilizer (mineral and organic) application frequency, levelling and iron toxicity. Land levelling increased the yield by 0.74 t/ha, bird control increased the yield by 1.44 t/ha, and sub‐optimal management of weeds reduced the yield by 3.6 to 4.4 t/ha. There is great potential to reduce the current rice yield gap in ESA, by focusing on improvements of those crop management practices that address the main site‐specific causes for sub‐optimal yields.

中文翻译:

量化东部和南部非洲的稻米产量差距及其成因

由于消费者偏好和城市化的变化,东部和南部非洲对稻米的需求正在迅速增长。但是,当地稻米产量落后于消费量,主要原因是单产水平低。为了确定旨在提高稻米生产力的研究和开发重点,需要描述稻米的生产环境,量化稻米的产量差距,即平均农场产量与最佳农民的产量之差,并找出导致产量缺口的原因。这些信息将有助于确定和确定目标技术以减轻主要制约因素,从而减少现有的产量差距。在东部和南部非洲(即埃塞俄比亚)的五个水稻生产国的八个地点(每个地点19-50个农民)的357个水稻农场进行了产量差距调查 马达加斯加,卢旺达,坦桑尼亚和乌干达-为期一到两年(2012-13年),以收集田间和农场一级的定量和定性数据。在八个地点测得的平均农场产量为1.8至4.3吨/公顷,平均产量差距为0.8至3.4吨/公顷。在水稻种植环境中,造成产量变异的主要原因是秸秆管理,除草频率,品种的生长持续时间,杂草覆盖率,肥料(矿物和有机肥料)的施用频率,流平和铁的毒性。土地平整使单产增加了0.74吨/公顷,鸟类控制使单产增加了1.44吨/公顷,杂草的欠佳管理使单产减少了3.6至4.4吨/公顷。在缩小欧空局目前的水稻产量缺口方面,潜力巨大,
更新日期:2020-07-14
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