Cardiac optical mapping utilises fluorescent dyes to directly image the electrical function of the heart at a high spatio-temporal resolution which far exceeds electrode techniques. It has therefore become an invaluable tool in cardiac electrophysiological research to map the propagation of heterogeneous electrical signals across the myocardium. In this review, we introduce the principles behind cardiac optical mapping and discuss some of the challenges and state of the art in the field. Key advancements discussed include newly developed fluorescent indicators, tools for the analysis of complex datasets, panoramic imaging systems and technical and computational approaches to realise optical mapping in freely beating hearts.

心脏光学测绘利用荧光染料以高时空分辨率直接成像心脏的电功能，这远远超过了电极技术。因此，它已成为绘制心肌电图上异质电信号传播图谱的心脏电生理研究的宝贵工具。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了心脏光学映射背后的原理，并讨论了该领域中的一些挑战和最新技术。讨论的主要进展包括新开发的荧光指示剂，用于分析复杂数据集的工具，全景成像系统以及在自由跳动的心脏中实现光学映射的技术和计算方法。