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Evaluations and comparisons of rule-based and machine-learning-based methods to retrieve satellite-based vegetation phenology using MODIS and USA National Phenology Network data
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation ( IF 7.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2020.102189
Qinchuan Xin , Jing Li , Ziming Li , Yaoming Li , Xuewen Zhou

Vegetation phenology is a sensitive indicator that reflects the vegetation–atmosphere interactions and vegetation processes under global atmospheric changes. Fast-developing remote sensing technologies that monitor the land surface at high spatial and temporal resolutions have been widely used in vegetation phenology retrieval and analysis at a large scale. While researchers have developed many phenology retrieving methods based on remote sensing data, the relationships and differences among the phenology retrieving methods are unclear, and there is a lack of evaluation and comparison with the field phenology recoding data. In this study, we evaluated and compared eight phenology retrieving methods using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the USA National Phenology Network data from across North America. The studied phenology retrieving methods included six commonly used rule-based methods (i.e., amplitude threshold, the first-order derivative, the second-order derivative, the third-order derivative, the relative change curvature, and the curvature change rate) and two newly developed machine learning methods (i.e., neural network and random forest). At the large scale, the start of the season (SOS) values, derived by all methods, had similar spatial distributions; however, the retrieved values had large uncertainties in each pixel, and the end of the season (EOS) inverted values were largely different among methods. At the site scale, the SOS and EOS values extracted by the rule-based methods all had significant positive correlations with the field phenology observations. Among the rule-based methods, the amplitude threshold method performed the best. The machine learning methods outperformed the rule-based methods in terms of retrieving the SOS when assessed using the field observations. Our study highlighted that there were large differences among the methods in retrieving the vegetation phenology from satellite data and that researchers must be cautious in selecting an appropriate method for analyzing the satellite-retrieved phenology. Our results also demonstrated the importance of field phenology observations and the usefulness of the machine learning methods in understanding the satellite-based land surface phenology. These findings provide a valuable reference for the future development of global and regional phenology products.



中文翻译:

使用MODIS和美国国家物候网络数据评估和比较基于规则和基于机器学习的方法来检索基于卫星的植被物候

植被物候是反映全球大气变化下植被-大气相互作用和植被过程的敏感指标。以高时空分辨率监测陆地表面的快速发展的遥感技术已被广泛用于大规模的植物物候检索和分析。尽管研究人员已经开发了许多基于遥感数据的物候检索方法,但是物候检索方法之间的关系和差异尚不清楚,并且缺乏与野外物候记录数据的评估和比较。在这项研究中,我们使用中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)和来自北美的美国国家物候网络的数据,评估并比较了八种物候检索方法。研究的物候检索方法包括六种常用的基于规则的方法(即幅度阈值,一阶导数,二阶导数,三阶导数,相对变化曲率和曲率变化率)和两种新开发的机器学习方法(即神经网络和随机森林)。在大范围内,通过所有方法得出的季节开始(SOS)值具有相似的空间分布;但是,检索到的值在每个像素中具有很大的不确定性,并且不同方法之间的季末(EOS)倒置值差异很大。在现场范围内,通过基于规则的方法提取的SOS和EOS值均与田间物候观测具有显着正相关。在基于规则的方法中,幅度阈值方法效果最好。在使用现场观察进行评估时,机器学习方法在检索SOS方面优于基于规则的方法。我们的研究强调,从卫星数据中检索植被物候的方法之间存在很大差异,研究人员在选择分析卫星物候物候的合适方法时必须谨慎。我们的研究结果还证明了野外物候观测的重要性以及机器学习方法在理解基于卫星的陆地表面物候方面的作用。这些发现为全球和区域物候产品的未来发展提供了有价值的参考。在使用现场观察进行评估时,机器学习方法在检索SOS方面优于基于规则的方法。我们的研究强调,从卫星数据中检索植被物候的方法之间存在很大差异,研究人员在选择分析卫星物候物候的合适方法时必须谨慎。我们的研究结果还证明了野外物候观测的重要性以及机器学习方法在理解基于卫星的陆地地表物候方面的有用性。这些发现为全球和区域物候产品的未来发展提供了有价值的参考。在使用现场观察进行评估时,机器学习方法在检索SOS方面优于基于规则的方法。我们的研究强调,从卫星数据中检索植被物候的方法之间存在很大差异,研究人员在选择分析卫星物候物候的适当方法时必须谨慎。我们的研究结果还证明了野外物候观测的重要性以及机器学习方法在理解基于卫星的陆地表面物候方面的作用。这些发现为全球和区域物候产品的未来发展提供了有价值的参考。我们的研究强调,从卫星数据中检索植被物候的方法之间存在很大差异,研究人员在选择分析卫星物候物候的适当方法时必须谨慎。我们的研究结果还证明了野外物候观测的重要性以及机器学习方法在理解基于卫星的陆地地表物候方面的有用性。这些发现为全球和区域物候产品的未来发展提供了有价值的参考。我们的研究强调,从卫星数据中检索植被物候的方法之间存在很大差异,研究人员在选择分析卫星物候物候的合适方法时必须谨慎。我们的研究结果还证明了野外物候观测的重要性以及机器学习方法在理解基于卫星的陆地地表物候方面的有用性。这些发现为全球和区域物候产品的未来发展提供了有价值的参考。我们的研究结果还证明了田间物候观测的重要性以及机器学习方法在理解基于卫星的陆地表面物候方面的作用。这些发现为全球和区域物候产品的未来发展提供了有价值的参考。我们的研究结果还证明了野外物候观测的重要性以及机器学习方法在理解基于卫星的陆地表面物候方面的作用。这些发现为全球和区域物候产品的未来发展提供了有价值的参考。

更新日期:2020-07-15
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