Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have a decreased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) and MS patients very rarely contract HIV infection. We report on a 35-year-old woman with relapsing-remitting MS, who acquired HIV infection 8 years after MS onset. During 7 years of follow-up without combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), CD4+ counts decreased and HIV viremia increased progressively, but slightly. These trends reverted after starting cART, with optimal viro-immunological control. While the patient had many MS relapses before acquiring HIV infection, she had then only one relapse, shortly after HIV infection, despite irregular or no MS therapy. This case contributes to the discussion about MS and HIV potential interactions and describes for the first time the effects of the MS-targeting drug natalizumab in an HIV-positive patient.

人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染患者患多发性硬化症 (MS) 的风险降低，并且 MS 患者很少感染 HIV。我们报告了一名患有复发缓解型 MS 的 35 岁女性，她在 MS 发病 8 年后感染了 HIV。在没有联合抗逆转录病毒疗法 (cART) 的 7 年随访期间，CD4+ 计数下降，HIV 病毒血症逐渐增加，但略有增加。这些趋势在启动 cART 后恢复，具有最佳的病毒免疫控制。尽管患者在感染 HIV 之前多次 MS 复发，但在感染 HIV 后不久，尽管 MS 治疗不规律或没有治疗，但她只有一次复发。