Background Psychological distress includes a broader range of experiences, varying from less severe symptoms of depression and anxiety to severe psychiatric disease. Global estimates for depression and anxiety in 2017 were 3.4% and 3.8%, respectively. While for people living with HIV, global estimates were 16% and 33%, respectively. Objective We aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological distress by gender and associated characteristics in patients living with HIV. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted within the Spanish HIV Research Network CoRIS. Participants were interviewed by telephone between 2010 and 2014 about their psychological distress, sociodemographics, drug consumption, self-perceived health and combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) adherence. Laboratory tests and medical history details were collected from CoRIS. Logistic regression was used to identify characteristics associated with psychological distress. Findings We interviewed 99 women and 464 men, both living with HIV. A greater proportion of women (51, 51.5%) reported psychological distress than men (179, 38.6%; p<0.01). Non-adherence to cART (OR 4.6 and 2.3, 95% CI 1.4‒15.1 and 1.3‒4.2) and non-use of cART (8.4 and 1.8, 2.2‒32.4 and 1.1‒2.8) were related to psychological distress in women and men, respectively. Spending little time in leisure-based physical activity was related to psychological distress in women (3.1, 1.1‒9.0). Living alone (2.0, 1.3‒3.0) and being unemployed (2.3, 1.4‒3.6) were related to psychological distress in men. Conclusions and clinical implications As people living with HIV have a high prevalence of psychological distress, their regular screening appointments should include psychological assessment. A gendered approach is needed to detect and manage psychological distress.

中文翻译：

---

西班牙艾滋病毒感染者的心理困扰：一项横断面电话调查。

背景心理困扰包括更广泛的经历，从不太严重的抑郁和焦虑症状到严重的精神疾病。2017 年全球抑郁症和焦虑症的估计分别为 3.4% 和 3.8%。而对于艾滋病毒感染者，全球估计分别为 16% 和 33%。目的 我们的目的是确定艾滋病毒感染者按性别和相关特征划分的心理困扰的患病率。方法 在西班牙艾滋病毒研究网络 CoRIS 内进行了一项横断面研究。2010 年至 2014 年间，参与者接受了电话采访，了解他们的心理困扰、社会人口统计学、药物消费、自我健康状况以及联合抗逆转录病毒治疗 (cART) 的依从性。实验室检查和病史详细信息是从 CoRIS 收集的。使用逻辑回归来识别与心理困扰相关的特征。结果 我们采访了 99 名女性和 464 名男性，他们都感染了艾滋病毒。报告心理困扰的女性比例（51 人，51.5%）高于男性（179 人，38.6%；p<0.01）。不坚持 cART（OR 4.6 和 2.3，95% CI 1.4-15.1 和 1.3-4.2）和不使用 cART（8.4 和 1.8、2.2-32.4 和 1.1-2.8）与女性和男性的心理困扰有关， 分别。花很少的时间进行休闲体育活动与女性的心理困扰有关 (3.1, 1.1−9.0)。独居（2.0，1.3-3.0）和失业（2.3，1.4-3.6）与男性的心理困扰有关。结论和临床意义 由于艾滋病毒感染者心理困扰的发生率很高，因此他们的定期筛查预约应包括心理评估。需要采用性别方法来发现和管理心理困扰。