Liver cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers in the world. In recent years, non-coding RNA has been a hot topic in liver cancer research. piRNAs (PIWI-interacting RNAs) are a new type of small non-coding RNA, which are formed by the PIWI proteins interacting with RNA. The latest research shows that piRNA and PIWI proteins are abnormally expressed in various cancers, including pancreatic, colorectal, breast, etc. piRNA plays an important regulatory role in liver cancer. In this review, we discuss the biological function of piRNAs and new progress in the development of liver cancer, and new targets and ideas for piRNA and PIWI proteins in the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.

肝癌是世界上最常见和致命的癌症之一。近年来，非编码RNA已成为肝癌研究的热门话题。piRNA（与PIWI相互作用的RNA）是一种新型的小型非编码RNA，由PIWI蛋白与RNA相互作用形成。最新研究表明，piRNA和PIWI蛋白在胰腺癌，大肠癌，乳腺癌等多种癌症中异常表达。piRNA在肝癌中起重要的调节作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了piRNA的生物学功能和肝癌发展的新进展，以及piRNA和PIWI蛋白在肝癌的诊断和治疗中的新目标和新思路。