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Multiple origins of green coloration in frogs mediated by a novel biliverdin-binding serpin.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-04 , DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006771117
Carlos Taboada 1, 2, 3, 4 , Andrés E Brunetti 4, 5 , Mariana L Lyra 6 , Robert R Fitak 7, 8 , Ana Faigón Soverna 2 , Santiago R Ron 9 , María G Lagorio 3, 10 , Célio F B Haddad 6 , Norberto P Lopes 4 , Sönke Johnsen 7 , Julián Faivovich 2, 11 , Lucía B Chemes 12, 13 , Sara E Bari 14
Affiliation  

Many vertebrates have distinctive blue-green bones and other tissues due to unusually high biliverdin concentrations—a phenomenon called chlorosis. Despite its prevalence, the biochemical basis, biology, and evolution of chlorosis are poorly understood. In this study, we show that the occurrence of high biliverdin in anurans (frogs and toads) has evolved multiple times during their evolutionary history, and relies on the same mechanism—the presence of a class of serpin family proteins that bind biliverdin. Using a diverse combination of techniques, we purified these serpins from several species of nonmodel treefrogs and developed a pipeline that allowed us to assemble their complete amino acid and nucleotide sequences. The described proteins, hereafter named biliverdin-binding serpins (BBS), have absorption spectra that mimic those of phytochromes and bacteriophytochromes. Our models showed that physiological concentration of BBSs fine-tune the color of the animals, providing the physiological basis for crypsis in green foliage even under near-infrared light. Additionally, we found that these BBSs are most similar to human glycoprotein alpha-1-antitrypsin, but with a remarkable functional diversification. Our results present molecular and functional evidence of recurrent evolution of chlorosis, describe a biliverdin-binding protein in vertebrates, and introduce a function for a member of the serpin superfamily, the largest and most ubiquitous group of protease inhibitors.



中文翻译:

由新颖的biliverdin结合丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂介导的青蛙绿色的多种起源。

由于biliverdin浓度异常高,许多脊椎动物具有独特的蓝绿色骨骼和其他组织,这种现象称为绿化病。尽管它很流行,但人们对绿化的生化基础,生物学和进化知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们证明了在虾的无核生物(青蛙和蟾蜍)中高胆素传递蛋白的发生已经进化了多次,并且依赖于相同的机制-一类与胆素结合的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂家族蛋白的存在。使用多种技术组合,我们从几种非模型性树蛙中纯化了这些丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,并开发了一条管道,使我们能够组装其完整的氨基酸和核苷酸序列。所描述的蛋白质,以下称为biliverdin-binding serpins(BBS),具有与植物色素和细菌植物色素相似的吸收光谱。我们的模型显示,BBS的生理浓度可以微调动物的颜色,即使在近红外光下,绿叶中的低温菌也可以提供生理基础。此外,我们发现这些BBS与人类糖蛋白α-1-抗胰蛋白酶最相似,但功能显着多样化。我们的结果提供了萎黄病复发演变的分子和功能证据,描述了脊椎动物中的胆绿素结合蛋白,并为丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂超家族成员提供了功能,丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂超家族是最大和最普遍使用的蛋白酶抑制剂。即使在近红外光下,也为绿叶中的低温菌提供了生理基础。此外,我们发现这些BBS与人类糖蛋白α-1-抗胰蛋白酶最相似,但功能显着多样化。我们的结果提供了萎黄病复发演变的分子和功能证据,描述了脊椎动物中的胆绿素结合蛋白,并为丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂超家族成员提供了功能,丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂超家族是最大和最普遍使用的蛋白酶抑制剂。即使在近红外光下,也为绿叶中的低温菌提供了生理基础。此外,我们发现这些BBS与人类糖蛋白α-1-抗胰蛋白酶最相似,但功能显着多样化。我们的结果提供了萎黄病复发演变的分子和功能证据,描述了脊椎动物中的胆绿素结合蛋白,并为丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂超家族成员提供了功能,丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂超家族是最大和最普遍使用的蛋白酶抑制剂。

更新日期:2020-08-05
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