Abstract A soft ionic electroactive polymer actuator does not differ from other types of actuators in the requirement of reliable, controllable and consistent performance. In ionic systems, like those of conducting polymers, the direction of actuation (as well as - naturally - the amplitude) depends on the dominance of one type of ions (cations over anions or vice versa) as the mobile species, maintaining charge neutrality. Here we demonstrate that the same polypyrrole (PPy) films can have rather different response in terms of linear actuation amplitude as well as direction under different voltage ranges. A system designed to mitigate such uncertainties – PPy blended with polymerized ionic liquid – is shown as a comparison. Three reversible and charge-balanced potential ranges in cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltage steps experiments were chosen to demonstrate the importance of selecting the right voltage range, especially if no embedded charges acting as “filters” are being used.

中文翻译：

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导电聚合物致动器的一致响应：潜在窗口和嵌入电荷以避免混合离子传输

摘要 软离子电活性聚合物致动器在性能可靠、可控和一致的要求上与其他类型的致动器没有区别。在离子系统中，如导电聚合物的那些，驱动方向（以及 - 自然 - 振幅）取决于一种类型的离子（阳离子超过阴离子，反之亦然）作为移动物种的优势，保持电荷中性。在这里，我们证明了相同的聚吡咯 (PPy) 薄膜在不同电压范围下的线性驱动幅度和方向方面可能具有相当不同的响应。一个旨在减轻这种不确定性的系统 - PPy 与聚合离子液体混合 - 作为比较显示。