Abstract Xylem sap exudes from grapevine branches and ensures survival during the dormant period. However, the extensive analysis on the biological and functional characterization of xylem sap has not yet been carried out. Therefore, to comprehend the critical role and potential usage of the xylem sap, we identified and quantified the panel of active ingredients, such as protein, amino acids, carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and polyphenols. Results indicates that bleeding sap is slightly acidic, with the accumulation of oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid. Identification and quantification of sugars depicted that xylem sap is mainly rich in fructose, glucose, and lactose. Moreover, distinct amino acids (16), hormones (9), and mineral elements are identified in the bleeding sap. These bioactive compounds are vital for vine growth and development. In addition, xylem sap also has the growth-promoting ability and can be used as a tissue culturing medium for plants. Finally, functional studies suggested that xylem sap possesses antifungal effects that can be considered as a bacteriostatic agent against Botrytis cinerea. Overall, these findings suggested that xylem sap possesses the panel of antioxidants, protein, and growth-promoting and antifungal properties.

中文翻译：

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从葡萄藤中提取的木质部汁液的生物学和功能特性（cv. Rosario Bianco）

摘要 木质部汁液从葡萄枝中渗出，保证休眠期的生存。然而，尚未对木质部汁液的生物学和功能特征进行广泛的分析。因此，为了理解木质部汁液的关键作用和潜在用途，我们确定并量化了一组活性成分，如蛋白质、氨基酸、碳水化合物、皂苷、黄酮类化合物、酚类化合物、生物碱和多酚。结果表明，流血汁液呈微酸性，积聚草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、乳酸和柠檬酸。糖的鉴定和定量表明木质部汁液主要富含果糖、葡萄糖和乳糖。此外，在流血的汁液中发现了不同的氨基酸 (16)、激素 (9) 和矿物元素。这些生物活性化合物对葡萄藤的生长发育至关重要。此外，木质部汁液还具有促生长能力，可作为植物的组织培养基。最后，功能研究表明，木质部汁液具有抗真菌作用，可被认为是对抗灰葡萄孢菌的抑菌剂。总体而言，这些发现表明木质部汁液具有抗氧化剂、蛋白质以及促进生长和抗真菌的特性。