Three-dimensional (3D) building change detection is important for megacities for updating geo-databases, urban sprawl monitoring, disaster assessments and energy budgets. However, few studies examine how to execute the transition of multi-level change monitoring of urban buildings from 2D to 3D. This study presents a new automated Object–Grid–City Block 3D building change detection (OGB) approach that entails the application of multi-temporal aerial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point clouds. First, building labels at various phases were performed using a graph cuts algorithm to assist with 3D change detection of buildings. Then, we introduced a bi-threshold model to consider and capture trajectories of building change broken down into categories from 1 to 5 and obtain a complete 3D change detection map. In order to reveal the vertical building landscape changes, a set of 3D building landscape metrics was developed for block level change monitoring. Upon examination, the results for the northern part of Brooklyn, New York, USA were confirmed to be robust and refined; the completeness, correctness, and quality values for trajectories 1–5 were 92–95%, 93–97%, 89–95%, respectively. More importantly, the OGB approach can not only effectively monitor intensity, direction (increase or decrease), and spatial pattern changes in 2D and 3D morphological parameters of buildings at the grid level, but can also reflect vertical changes in building structures, and reveal horizontal fragmentations and aggregations of buildings at the block level.

三维（3D）建筑变化检测对于大型城市的更新地理数据库，城市蔓延监测，灾难评估和能源预算至关重要。但是，很少有研究研究如何执行从2D到3D的城市建筑物多级变化监控的过渡。本研究提出了一种新的自动对象-网格-城市街区3D建筑变化检测（OGB）方法，该方法需要应用多时相空中光检测和测距（LiDAR）点云。首先，使用图形切割算法执行各个阶段的建筑物标签，以协助建筑物的3D变化检测。然后，我们引入了一个双阈值模型来考虑和捕获细分为1至5类别的建筑物变化的轨迹，并获得完整的3D变化检测图。为了揭示垂直的建筑景观变化，开发了一套3D建筑景观度量标准，用于监视块级变化。经检查，美国纽约布鲁克林北部的结果被证实是可靠和完善的。轨迹1-5的完整性，正确性和质量值分别为92-95％，93-97％，89-95％。更重要的是，OGB方法不仅可以有效地监视网格级别上建筑物的2D和3D形态参数的强度，方向（增加或减小）和空间模式变化，而且还可以反映建筑物结构的垂直变化并揭示水平块级建筑物的碎片和聚集。经检查，美国纽约布鲁克林北部的结果被证实是可靠和完善的。轨迹1-5的完整性，正确性和质量值分别为92-95％，93-97％，89-95％。更重要的是，OGB方法不仅可以有效地监视网格级别上建筑物的2D和3D形态参数的强度，方向（增加或减小）和空间模式变化，而且还可以反映建筑物结构的垂直变化并揭示水平块级建筑物的碎片和聚集。经检查，美国纽约布鲁克林北部的结果被证实是可靠和完善的。轨迹1-5的完整性，正确性和质量值分别为92-95％，93-97％，89-95％。更重要的是，OGB方法不仅可以有效地监视网格级别上建筑物的2D和3D形态参数的强度，方向（增加或减小）和空间模式变化，而且还可以反映建筑物结构的垂直变化并揭示水平块级建筑物的碎片和聚集。