A key goal to controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is developing an effective vaccine. Development of a vaccine requires knowledge of what constitutes a protective immune response and also features that might be pathogenic. Protective and pathogenic aspects of the response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are not well understood, partly because the virus has infected humans for only 6 months. However, insight into coronavirus immunity can be informed by previous studies of immune responses to non-human coronaviruses, common cold coronaviruses, and SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here, we review the literature describing these responses and discuss their relevance to the SARS-CoV-2 immune response.

控制 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的一个关键目标是开发一种有效的疫苗。开发疫苗需要了解什么构成保护性免疫反应以及可能致病的特征。对严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的保护性和致病性反应尚不清楚，部分原因是该病毒感染人类仅 6 个月。然而，通过先前对非人类冠状病毒、普通感冒冠状病毒、SARS-CoV 和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒 (MERS-CoV) 的免疫反应研究，可以了解冠状病毒免疫力。在这里，我们回顾了描述这些反应的文献，并讨论了它们与 SARS-CoV-2 免疫反应的相关性。