Titanite from various rocks of the Karkonosze granitoid pluton (South-Eastern Poland) was studied, in order to evaluate its precision in recording magma evolution processes. The rocks are of lamprophyric, dioritic, granodioritic and granitic composition, including hybrid structures such as microgranular magmatic enclaves and composite dykes. Based on textures, chemistry and Zr-in-titanite geothermometry, titanites can be divided into magmatic and post-magmatic populations. Late- to post-magmatic titanite is present in almost all rock types, especially in the most evolved ones (where magmatic titanite is absent) and can be characterized by low trace element and high Al and F contents. Magmatic titanite crystallized in temperatures between 610 and 870 °C, after apatite and relatively simultaneously with amphibole and zircon. Titanite from lamprophyre exhibits compositional features typical of titanites formed in mafic rocks: low Al and F, high Ti4+/(Al + Fe3+), LREE (light rare earth elemet)-enriched chondrite-normalized REE patterns, low Y/Zr, Nb/Zr, Lu/Hf, high (Ce + Nd)/Y, Th/U and Zr. Titanite from hybrid rocks inherited these characteristics, indicating major contribution of the mantle-derived magma especially during early stages of magmatic evolution. Titanite compositional variations, as well as a wide range of crystallization temperatures in hybrid granodiorites point to prolonged crystallization from distinct magma domains of variable mafic versus felsic melt proportions. The extent of compositional variations decreases through subsequent stages of magmatic evolution, and titanite with the least contribution of the mafic component is characterized by higher total REE, Al and F contents, lower Ti4+/(Al + Fe3+), (Ce + Nd)/Y and Th/U ratios, LREE-depleted chondrite-normalized REE patterns and higher Y/Zr, Nb/Zr and Lu/Hf ratios. Titanite composition from the intermediate and late stage hybrids bears signature of decreasing amount of the mafic melt and higher degree of its evolution, however, the exact distinction between the former and the latter is very limited.

中文翻译：

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复合岩体的地球化学演化：从钛铁矿的主要和微量元素化学洞察

研究了来自 Karkonosze 花岗岩岩体（波兰东南部）的各种岩石的钛铁矿，以评估其记录岩浆演化过程的精度。岩石为菱镁质、闪长质、花岗闪长质和花岗质成分，包括微颗粒岩浆飞地和复合岩脉等混合构造。根据质地、化学成分和钛中锆的地温测量，钛铁矿可分为岩浆岩和岩浆岩后种群。几乎所有岩石类型中都存在晚至后岩浆钛铁矿，特别是在最进化的岩石中（岩浆钛铁矿不存在），其特点是微量元素低，Al 和 F 含量高。岩浆钛白石在 610 至 870°C 的温度下结晶，在磷灰石之后，与角闪石和锆石相对同时结晶。来自斑铜矿的钛铁矿具有典型的镁铁质岩石中形成的钛铁矿的成分特征：低 Al 和 F、高 Ti4 + / (Al + Fe3 +)、LREE（轻稀土元素）-富集球粒陨石-归一化 REE 模式、低 Y / Zr、 Nb/Zr、Lu/Hf、高 (Ce + Nd)/Y、Th/U 和 Zr。来自混合岩的泰坦岩继承了这些特征，表明地幔源岩浆的主要贡献尤其是在岩浆演化的早期阶段。钛铁矿成分变化以及杂化花岗闪长岩中广泛的结晶温度表明，不同镁铁质与长英质熔体比例不同的不同岩浆域的结晶时间延长。成分变化的程度随着岩浆演化的后续阶段而减少，镁铁质成分贡献最小的钛铁矿具有较高的总稀土元素、Al 和 F 含量，较低的 Ti4 + / (Al + Fe3 +)、(Ce + Nd) / Y 和 Th / U 比率，LREE 贫化球粒陨石- 标准化的 REE 模式和更高的 Y/Zr、Nb/Zr 和 Lu/Hf 比率。来自中后期杂化体的钛铁矿成分具有镁铁质熔体量和其递减演化程度较高的特征，但是，前者和后者之间的确切区别非常有限。