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A Southeast Asian origin for present-day non-African human Y chromosomes.
Human Genetics ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-14 , DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02204-9
Pille Hallast 1, 2 , Anastasia Agdzhoyan 3, 4 , Oleg Balanovsky 3, 4, 5 , Yali Xue 2 , Chris Tyler-Smith 2
Affiliation  

The genomes of present-day humans outside Africa originated almost entirely from a single out-migration ~ 50,000–70,000 years ago, followed by mixture with Neanderthals contributing ~ 2% to all non-Africans. However, the details of this initial migration remain poorly understood because no ancient DNA analyses are available from this key time period, and interpretation of present-day autosomal data is complicated due to subsequent population movements/reshaping. One locus, however, does retain male-specific information from this early period: the Y chromosome, where a detailed calibrated phylogeny has been constructed. Three present-day Y lineages were carried by the initial migration: the rare haplogroup D, the moderately rare C, and the very common FT lineage which now dominates most non-African populations. Here, we show that phylogenetic analyses of haplogroup C, D and FT sequences, including very rare deep-rooting lineages, together with phylogeographic analyses of ancient and present-day non-African Y chromosomes, all point to East/Southeast Asia as the origin 50,000–55,000 years ago of all known surviving non-African male lineages (apart from recent migrants). This observation contrasts with the expectation of a West Eurasian origin predicted by a simple model of expansion from a source near Africa, and can be interpreted as resulting from extensive genetic drift in the initial population or replacement of early western Y lineages from the east, thus informing and constraining models of the initial expansion.



中文翻译:

当今非非洲人Y染色体的东南亚起源。

非洲以外当今人类的基因组几乎完全起源于大约50,000至70,000年前的一次外迁,其次是与尼安德特人的混合,约占所有非非洲人的2%。但是,由于在该关键时期没有可用的古代DNA分析方法,因此对于这种初始迁移的细节仍然知之甚少,并且由于随后的种群移动/重塑,当前常染色体数据的解释也很复杂。但是,有一个基因座确实保留了这一早期阶段的雄性特有信息:Y染色体,在那里已建立了详细的经过校准的系统发育史。最初的迁徙带来了当今的三个Y谱系:罕见的单倍群D,中等罕见的C和非常普遍的FT谱系,这些谱系现在占据了大多数非非洲人口中。这里,我们显示,单倍群C,D和FT序列的系统发育分析(包括非常罕见的深根谱系),以及对古代和当今非非洲Y染色体的系统地理分析,都指向东亚/东南亚50,000- 55,000年前所有已知幸存的非非洲男性血统(最近的移民除外)。这一观察结果与通过从非洲附近的一个来源扩展的简单扩展模型预测的西欧亚起源的预期形成对照,并且可以解释为源自初始种群的广泛遗传漂移或从东部取代了早期西方Y谱系,因此通知和约束模型的初始扩展。连同对古代和当今非非洲Y染色体的系统地理分析,所有这些都指出东亚/东南亚是50,000至55,000年前所有已知幸存的非非洲男性血统(最近的移民)的起源。这一观察结果与通过从非洲附近的一个来源扩展的简单扩展模型预测的西欧亚起源的预期形成对照,并且可以解释为源自初始种群的广泛遗传漂移或从东部取代了早期西方Y谱系,因此通知和约束模型的初始扩展。连同对古代和当今非非洲Y染色体的系统地理分析,所有这些都指出东亚/东南亚是50,000至55,000年前所有已知存活的非非洲男性谱系(最近的移民除外)的起源。这一观察结果与通过从非洲附近的一个来源扩展的简单扩展模型预测的西欧亚起源的预期形成对照,并且可以解释为源自初始种群的广泛遗传漂移或从东部取代了早期西方Y谱系,因此通知和约束模型的初始扩展。

更新日期:2020-07-14
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