Understanding climate variability in a winegrowing region is fundamental to understanding how its vineyards can adapt to climate change. For Uruguay, studying the vulnerability and adaptive responses of vineyards to climate change and climate variability is relevant due to its winegrowing region’s economic importance and cultural heritage. Winegrowers and technical advisors were interviewed to evaluate their perceptions of climate change, vulnerability of their vineyards and how to adapt them. The main results showed that winegrowers had a clear perception of annual climate variability. The respondents highlighted the extreme climate events that had occurred over the previous few years and 71% of them believed that they had increased in frequency. Despite the perception of increase in climate variability in the region, they did not associate it with climate change. Overall, 43% of respondents agreed that changes in certain viticulture practices in recent years could have been due to climate change, especially those related to the preventive use of pesticides. The respondents identified climate risks that resulted in “bad” years for yield and quality (increase in extreme events (e.g., storms, hail), decrease in “cold” units in winter (i.e., temperatures <0 °C), increase in “hot” hours (i.e., >35 °C), increase in precipitation during the growing season and ripening period) as well as their impacts on vineyards. An adaptation matrix was developed from the viticulture practices that the winegrowers used in response to climate variability. Medium- and long-term adaptive responses to climate change can be based on the knowledge of winegrowers and their advisors.

中文翻译：

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乌拉圭葡萄种植区对气候变化和变异性的当地认知、脆弱性和适应性反应

了解葡萄种植区的气候变化是了解葡萄园如何适应气候变化的基础。对于乌拉圭来说，由于其葡萄种植区的经济重要性和文化遗产，研究葡萄园对气候变化和气候变异的脆弱性和适应性反应是相关的。葡萄种植者和技术顾问接受了采访，以评估他们对气候变化的看法、葡萄园的脆弱性以及如何适应这些变化。主要结果表明，葡萄种植者对年度气候变化有清晰的认识。受访者强调了过去几年发生的极端气候事件，其中 71% 的人认为它们的频率有所增加。尽管人们认为该地区的气候变率有所增加，他们没有把它与气候变化联系起来。总体而言，43% 的受访者同意近年来某些葡萄栽培实践的变化可能是由于气候变化，尤其是与预防性使用杀虫剂有关的变化。受访者确定了导致产量和质量“糟糕”年份的气候风险（极端事件（例如风暴、冰雹）增加，冬季“寒冷”单位减少（即温度 <0°C），“热”时间（即 >35 °C）、生长季节和成熟期降水增加）及其对葡萄园的影响。适应矩阵是根据葡萄种植者用于应对气候变化的葡萄栽培实践开发的。对气候变化的中长期适应性反应可以基于葡萄种植者及其顾问的知识。