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Binary black holes in the pair instability mass gap
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-13 , DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa1997
Ugo N Di Carlo 1, 2, 3 , Michela Mapelli 2, 3, 4 , Yann Bouffanais 2, 4 , Nicola Giacobbo 2, 3, 4 , Filippo Santoliquido 2, 4 , Alessandro Bressan 5 , Mario Spera 2, 4, 6, 7 , Francesco Haardt 1
Affiliation  

Pair instability (PI) and pulsational PI prevent the formation of black holes (BHs) with mass $\gtrsim{}60$ M$_\odot$ from single star evolution. Here, we investigate the possibility that BHs with mass in the PI gap form via stellar mergers and multiple stellar mergers, facilitated by dynamical encounters in young star clusters. We analyze $10^4$ simulations, run with the direct N-body code nbody6++gpu coupled with the population synthesis code MOBSE. We find that up to $\sim{}6$~% of all simulated BHs have mass in the PI gap, depending on progenitor's metallicity. This formation channel is strongly suppressed in metal-rich (Z = 0.02) star clusters, because of stellar winds. BHs with mass in the PI gap are initially single BHs but can efficiently acquire companions through dynamical exchanges. We find that $\sim{}$21%, 10% and 0.5% of all binary BHs have at least one component in the PI mass gap at metallicity Z = 0.0002, 0.002 and 0.02, respectively. Based on the evolution of the cosmic star formation rate and metallicity, and under the assumption that all stars form in young star clusters, we predict that $\sim{}5$~% of all binary BH mergers detectable by advanced LIGO and Virgo at their design sensitivity have at least one component in the PI mass gap.

中文翻译:

对不稳定性质量间隙中的双黑洞

对不稳定性 (PI) 和脉动 PI 阻止了单星演化中质量为 $\gtrsim{}60$ M$_\odot$ 的黑洞 (BH) 的形成。在这里,我们研究了质量在 PI 间隙中的 BHs 通过恒星并合和多颗恒星并合形成的可能性,这是由年轻星团中的动力学相遇促进的。我们分析了 $10^4$ 的模拟,使用直接 N-body 代码 nbody6++gpu 和人口合成代码 MOBSE 运行。我们发现高达 $\sim{}6$~% 的所有模拟 BHs 在 PI 间隙中具有质量,这取决于祖先的金属丰度。由于恒星风,该形成通道在富含金属(Z = 0.02)的星团中受到强烈抑制。质量在 PI 间隙中的 BHs 最初是单个 BHs,但可以通过动态交换有效地获取伴星。我们发现 $\sim{}$21%、10% 和 0。在金属丰度 Z = 0.0002、0.002 和 0.02 时,所有二元 BH 中的 5% 在 PI 质量间隙中具有至少一种成分。基于宇宙恒星形成率和金属丰度的演化,并假设所有恒星都形成于年轻星团中,我们预测,在所有双星合并中,由先进的 LIGO 和 Virgo 探测到的所有双星合并的 $\sim{}$~%它们的设计灵敏度在 PI 质量间隙中至少有一个组成部分。
更新日期:2020-07-13
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