Large-scale deployment of photovoltaic (PV) modules has considerably increased in recent decades. Given an estimated lifetime of 30 years, the challenge of how to handle large volumes of end-of-life PV modules is starting to emerge. In this Perspective, we assess the global status of practice and knowledge for end-of-life management for crystalline silicon PV modules. We focus in particular on module recycling, a key aspect in the circular economy of photovoltaic panels. We recommend research and development to reduce recycling costs and environmental impacts compared to disposal while maximizing material recovery. We suggest that the recovery of high-value silicon is more advantageous than the recovery of intact silicon wafers. This approach requires the identification of contaminants and the design of purification processes for recovered silicon. The environmental and economic impacts of recycling practices should be explored with techno–economic analyses and life-cycle assessments to optimize solutions and minimize trade-offs. As photovoltaic technology advances rapidly, it is important for the recycling industry to plan adaptable recycling infrastructure.

近几十年来，光伏（PV）模块的大规模部署已大大增加。假设估计使用寿命为30年，那么如何处理大量报废PV组件的挑战就开始出现。在此《观点》中，我们评估了晶体硅光伏组件寿命终止管理的实践和知识的全球状况。我们特别关注模块回收，这是光伏面板循环经济的关键方面。我们建议进行研究和开发，以减少与回收处理相比的回收成本和环境影响，同时最大程度地提高材料回收率。我们建议，高价值硅的回收比完整硅晶片的回收更有利。这种方法需要鉴定污染物并设计回收硅的纯化工艺。应该通过技术经济分析和生命周期评估来探讨回收做法的环境和经济影响，以优化解决方案并最大程度地权衡取舍。随着光伏技术的飞速发展，对于回收行业而言，规划可适应的回收基础设施至关重要。