Abstract

The aim of the current study is to determine the protective and therapeutic effects of linalool against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Six-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control group (a regular diet); CCl₄ group (1 ml/kg dissolved in olive oil, intraperitoneally at 14th day); pretreatment group (25 mg/kg linalool daily + CCl₄ 14thday); post-treatment group (25 mg/kg linalool 2, 6, 24, and 48 h after the injection of CCl₄ at 14^th day); and linalool group (25 mg/kg linalool daily, orally). All animals were sacrificed, tissue and blood samples were collected to analysis. Administration of CCl₄ resulted in a marked increase in hepatic (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) and renal (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) markers. Also, CCl₄ resulted in pathological damages, a significant increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde , tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and Interleukin 6 , expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and a significant decrease in the levels of serum total protein, serum albumin, and antioxidants. However, in pretreatment and post treatment groups, linalool significantly inhibited CCl4- induced hepatic and nephric damages. These results demonstrate that linalool has protective and therapeutic effects in an in vitro model of CCL₄-induced hepatic and nephric damage, proposing linalool as a potential therapeutic agent against chemical and drug induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

摘要

本研究的目的是确定芳樟醇对四氯化碳 (CCl ₄ ) 引起的肝毒性和肾毒性的保护和治疗作用。六周龄雄性 Wistar 大鼠分为五组：对照组（正常饮食）；CCl ₄组（1 ml/kg溶于橄榄油，第14天腹腔注射）；预处理组（每天 25 mg/kg 芳樟醇 + CCl _{4 第}14 天）；治疗后组（第14天注射CCl _4后^2、6、24和48小时25mg/kg芳樟醇）；芳樟醇组（每天 25 mg/kg 芳樟醇，口服）。处死所有动物，收集组织和血液样本进行分析。CCl _4的管理导致肝脏（天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶）和肾脏（血尿素氮和肌酐）标志物显着增加。此外，CCl ₄导致病理损害，丙二醛、肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素 6 的浓度显着增加，活化 B 细胞核因子 kappa-轻链增强子的表达和水平显着降低血清总蛋白、血清白蛋白和抗氧化剂。然而，在治疗前和治疗后组中，芳樟醇显着抑制了 CCl4 诱导的肝和肾损伤。这些结果表明芳樟醇在CCL ₄的体外模型中具有保护和治疗作用- 诱导的肝和肾损伤，提出芳樟醇作为一种潜在的治疗剂来对抗化学和药物诱导的肝毒性和肾毒性。