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The first report of an ‘evergreen Castanopsis type’ wood (Fagaceae) for the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene of Europe (Bulgaria, Blagoevgrad Graben)
Geological Journal ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-13 , DOI: 10.1002/gj.3919
Dimitra Mantzouka 1 , Miroslav Ivanov 2 , Vladimir Bozukov 3
Affiliation  

In the present article, the establishment of the species Castanopsis: C. bulgarica Mantzouka, Ivanov, and Bozukov is proposed after the study of a new fagaceous fossil wood stem discovered in 2016 from a new Late Miocene to Early Pliocene plant fossiliferous locality east of Boboshevo town, south‐west Bulgaria. A detailed palaeoxylotomical study of the fossil wood revealed characteristics of the ‘evergreen Quercus type’ (e.g. the gradual porosity of the vessels, the existence of two types of rays: uniseriate and multiseriate aggregate, the oval shape of the solitary vessels outline, the occurrence of tracheids) as well as heterocellular compound‐aggregate rays, typical for Castanopsis. Similarities and differences of the anatomical characteristics/features of the studied specimen with the descriptions of the fossil representatives of Fagaceae (Quercoxylon, Lithocarpoxylon, and Castanopsis) along with its botanical affinities are discussed. A taxonomic list of the Bulgarian fossil fagaceous record of the same age and their nearest living relatives is provided. Emended xylotomical keys with the addition of Castanopsis have been created. Moreover, the presence of evergreen Castanopsis species with heterocellular rays of two distinct sizes in the fossil record of the ‘evergreen oak woods’ is supported.

中文翻译:

欧洲中新世-上新世晚期(保加利亚,Blagoevgrad Graben)的“常绿Cast锥型”木材(菊科)的首次报道

本文是在研究2016年从Boboshevo以东的中新世晚期到上新世植物化石地点发现的新的带化石化石茎后提出的,提出了锥栗属物种C. bulgarica Mantzouka,Ivanov和Bozukov的建立。保加利亚西南部的小镇。对化石木材的详细古生代化学研究显示了“常绿类”的特征(例如,容器的逐渐多孔性,存在两种类型的射线:单核和多粒骨料,单个容器的椭圆形轮廓,管胞)以及异型化合物聚集射线,典型的。讨论了所研究标本的解剖学特征/特征与菊科植物化石代表(Quercoxylon,LithocarpoxylonCastanopsis)及其植物亲和力的描述的异同。提供了同一年龄及其最近近亲的保加利亚化石神话记录的分类列表。已经创建了带有木锥的改良木琴钥匙。此外,在“常绿橡树林”的化石记录中,常绿Cast属具有两种不同大小的异细胞射线的存在得到支持。
更新日期:2020-07-13
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