Medicinal mushrooms have documented effects against different diseases, including infections and inflammatory disorders. The related Basidiomycota Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), Hericium erinaceus (HE), and Grifola frondosa (GF) have been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against viral agents, Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, and parasites in vitro and in vivo. Since the mechanism is immunomodulatory and not antibiotical, the mushrooms should be active against multi‐drug resistant microbes as well. Moreover, since these Basidiomycota also have anti‐inflammatory properties, they may be suited for treatment of the severe lung inflammation that often follows COVID‐19 infection. An AbM‐based mushroom extract (Andosan™), also containing HE and GF, has been shown to significantly reduce bacteraemia and increase survival in mice with pneumococcal sepsis, and to improve symptoms and quality of life in IBD patients via an anti‐inflammatory effect. Hence, such mushroom extracts could have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against the pneumonic superinfection and severe lung inflammation that often complicates COVID‐19 infection. Here, we review antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties of AbM, HE and GF mushrooms, which could be used for the battle against COVID‐19.

中文翻译：

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药用蘑菇对 COVID-19 及其肺炎二重感染和并发炎症有预防或治疗作用吗？

药用蘑菇已记录对不同疾病的影响，包括感染和炎症性疾病。相关的担子菌姬松茸(AbM)、猴头菇(HE) 和灰树花(GF) 已被证明在体外和体内对病毒剂、革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌以及寄生虫发挥抗菌活性. 由于该机制是免疫调节而非抗生素，因此蘑菇也应该对多重耐药微生物具有活性。此外，由于这些担子菌它们还具有抗炎特性，可能适用于治疗 COVID-19 感染后经常出现的严重肺部炎症。基于 AbM 的蘑菇提取物 (Andosan™)，也含有 HE 和 GF，已被证明可显着降低肺炎球菌败血症小鼠的菌血症并提高存活率，并通过抗炎作用改善 IBD 患者的症状和生活质量. 因此，这种蘑菇提取物可能对经常使 COVID-19 感染复杂化的肺炎二重感染和严重的肺部炎症具有预防或治疗作用。在这里，我们回顾了 AbM、HE 和 GF 蘑菇的抗菌和抗炎特性，它们可用于对抗 COVID-19。