This article provides a review of studies evaluating the role of host (and viral) genetics (including variation in HLA genes) in the immune response to coronaviruses, as well as the clinical outcome of coronavirus‐mediated disease. The initial sections focus on seasonal coronaviruses, SARS‐CoV, and MERS‐CoV. We then examine the state of the knowledge regarding genetic polymorphisms and SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19. The article concludes by discussing research areas with current knowledge gaps and proposes several avenues for future scientific exploration in order to develop new insights into the immunology of SARS‐CoV‐2.

中文翻译：

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宿主遗传学在 SARS-CoV-2 和 COVID-19 易感性和严重程度的免疫反应中的作用。

本文综述了评估宿主（和病毒）遗传学（包括 HLA 基因变异）在冠状病毒免疫反应中的作用以及冠状病毒介导的疾病的临床结果的研究。最初部分重点介绍季节性冠状病毒、SARS-CoV 和 MERS-CoV。然后，我们检查有关遗传多态性、SARS-CoV-2 和 COVID-19 的知识状况。本文最后讨论了当前存在知识差距的研究领域，并提出了未来科学探索的几种途径，以便对 SARS-CoV-2 的免疫学产生新的见解。