This article presents the evolution of daily sunshine duration (SD) records at the San Fernando Observatory, a coastal place located in southern Iberian Peninsula, during the period 1881–1890. This period is of great interest because in August 1883, the Krakatoa volcano erupted injecting into the stratosphere large amount of gases and solid aerosol particles. The analysis of these daily SD records shows a considerable reduction in the maximum values of each month from the year 1883, obtaining the minimum values in 1884. In addition, the annual SD values in San Fernando fell around 400–500 hr/year during several years after the eruption. This strong reduction in SD records may be mainly associated with the scattering effects of the injected particles to the atmosphere which remains there for a long time. It must be noted that the signal of the Krakatoa eruption over the SD and, therefore, over the incoming solar radiation is extremely complicated to register due to the limited number of sites with records extending back into the 19th century worldwide. To our knowledge, the results shown in this work are the first evidence of the 1883 Krakatoa eruption effects over SD records.

中文翻译：

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1880年代圣费尔南多（西班牙南部）的日照时间数据：克拉卡托火山喷发的影响

本文介绍了1881–1890年期间位于伊比利亚半岛南部沿海地区的圣费尔南多天文台的日照持续时间（SD）记录的演变。这个时期引起了极大的兴趣，因为1883年8月，克拉卡托火山爆发，将大量的气体和固体气溶胶颗粒注入平流层。对这些每日SD记录的分析表明，从1883年开始，每个月的最大值都有所减少，在1884年达到了最小值。此外，圣费尔南多的年度SD值在数年间下降了400-500 hr / year爆发后的几年。SD记录的这种强烈减少可能主要与注入的颗粒对大气的散射作用有关，该空气保持了很长时间。必须注意的是，由于可追溯到19世纪的记录的地点数量有限，因此在SD上以及因此在入射太阳辐射上发生的喀拉喀托火山喷发信号极为复杂。据我们所知，这项工作中显示的结果是1883年对SD记录的喀拉喀托火山喷发效应的第一个证据。