A novel bio‐based P‐N containing intumescent flame retardant melamine starch phytate (PSTM) was prepared via the reaction of phytic acid starch ester with melamine and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of PSTM on thermal properties and flammability of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were analyzed by TGA, limit oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning tests (UL‐94) and cone calorimeter measurement. The TGA results demonstrated that the thermal stabilities of PU/PSTM foam at high temperature was enhanced with the increasing additive amount of PSTM. The results showed that PU foam with 30 php PSTM (PU/PSTM‐30%) observed an LOI value of 25.9 and a UL‐94 rating of V‐0. Cone calorimetry data showed that peak heat release rate, total heat release and smoke production rate of PU/PSTM‐30% were distinctly lower than that of pure PU. Further experimental results demonstrated that PSTM promotes well charring of PU which could protect the foam from combustion. This work developed a novel bio‐based intumescent flame retardant by suing phytic acid and starch as the acid source and carbon source, respectively, which is of great significance to the preparation of environmental‐friendly flame retardants.

中文翻译：

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生物基膨胀型阻燃剂的合成，表征及其在聚氨酯中的应用

通过植酸淀粉酯与三聚氰胺的反应制备了一种新型的生物基含P-N的膨胀型阻燃三聚氰胺淀粉植酸盐（PSTM），并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱，扫描电子显微镜和热重分析（TGA）进行了表征。通过TGA，极限氧指数（LOI），垂直燃烧试验（UL-94）和锥形量热仪测量分析了PSTM对硬质聚氨酯（PU）泡沫的热性能和可燃性的影响。TGA结果表明，随着PSTM添加量的增加，PU / PSTM泡沫在高温下的热稳定性增强。结果表明，具有30 php PSTM（PU / PSTM-30％）的PU泡沫的LOI值为25.9，UL-94等级为V-0。锥形量热法数据表明，峰值放热率 PU / PSTM-30％的总热量释放和烟雾产生率明显低于纯PU。进一步的实验结果表明，PSTM促进了PU的良好炭化，可以保护泡沫免于燃烧。这项工作通过分别使用植酸和淀粉作为酸源和碳源开发了一种新型的生物基膨胀型阻燃剂，这对制备环保型阻燃剂具有重要意义。