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An Efficient Transport Estimator for Complex Layered Materials
Computer Graphics Forum ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 , DOI: 10.1111/cgf.13936
Luis E. Gamboa 1 , Adrien Gruson 2 , Derek Nowrouzezahrai 2
Affiliation  

Layered materials capture subtle, realistic reflection behaviors that traditional single‐layer models lack. Much of this is due to the complex subsurface light transport at the interfaces of – and in the media between – layers. Rendering with these materials can be costly, since we must simulate these transport effects at every evaluation of the underlying reflectance model. Rendering an image requires thousands of such evaluations, per pixel. Recent work treats this complexity by introducing significant approximations, requiring large precomputed datasetsper material, or simplifying the light transport simulations within the materials. Even the most effective of these methods struggle with the complexity induced by high‐frequency variation in reflectance parameters and micro‐surface normal variation, as well as anisotropic volumetric scattering between the layer interfaces. We present a more efficient, unbiased estimator for light transport in such general, complex layered appearance models. By conducting an analysis of the types of transport paths that contribute most to the aggregate reflectance dynamics, we propose an effective and unbiased path sampling method that reduces variance in the reflectance evaluations. Our method additionally supports reflectance importance sampling, does not rely on any precomputation, and so integrates readily into existing renderers. We consistently outperform the state‐of‐the‐art by ~2 – 6× in equal‐quality (i.e., equal error) comparisons.

中文翻译:

复杂层状材料的有效传输估计器

分层材料捕捉了传统单层模型所缺乏的微妙、逼真的反射行为。这在很大程度上是由于层间界面以及层间介质中复杂的次表面光传输。使用这些材料进行渲染可能成本很高,因为我们必须在每次评估底层反射模型时模拟这些传输效应。渲染图像需要对每个像素进行数千次这样的评估。最近的工作通过引入重要的近似值来处理这种复杂性,需要大量的预先计算的材料数据集,或简化材料内的光传输模拟。即使这些方法中最有效的方法也与反射参数和微表面法线变化的高频变化引起的复杂性作斗争,以及层界面之间的各向异性体积散射。我们在这种通用的、复杂的分层外观模型中提出了一种更有效、更无偏的光传输估计器。通过对对总反射率动态贡献最大的传输路径类型进行分析,我们提出了一种有效且无偏的路径采样方法,可减少反射率评估的差异。我们的方法还支持反射重要性采样,不依赖任何预计算,因此很容易集成到现有的渲染器中。在同等质量(即同等误差)比较中,我们始终优于最先进技术约 2 – 6 倍。通过对对总反射率动态贡献最大的传输路径类型进行分析,我们提出了一种有效且无偏的路径采样方法,可减少反射率评估的差异。我们的方法还支持反射重要性采样,不依赖任何预计算,因此很容易集成到现有的渲染器中。在同等质量(即同等误差)比较中,我们始终优于最先进技术约 2 – 6 倍。通过对对总反射率动态贡献最大的传输路径类型进行分析,我们提出了一种有效且无偏的路径采样方法,可减少反射率评估的差异。我们的方法还支持反射重要性采样,不依赖任何预计算,因此很容易集成到现有的渲染器中。在同等质量(即同等误差)比较中,我们始终优于最先进技术约 2 – 6 倍。
更新日期:2020-05-01
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