While conventional in vitro culture systems and animal models have been used to study the pathogenesis of viral infections and to facilitate development of vaccines and therapeutics for viral diseases, models that can accurately recapitulate human responses to infection are still lacking. Human organ-on-a-chip (Organ Chip) microfluidic culture devices that recapitulate tissue–tissue interfaces, fluid flows, mechanical cues, and organ-level physiology have been developed to narrow the gap between in vitro experimental models and human pathophysiology. Here, we describe how recent developments in Organ Chips have enabled re-creation of complex pathophysiological features of human viral infections in vitro.

尽管已使用常规的体外培养系统和动物模型来研究病毒感染的发病机理并促进针对病毒性疾病的疫苗和治疗剂的开发，但仍缺乏能够准确概括人类对感染反应的模型。已经开发出可以概括组织-组织界面，流体流动，机械线索和器官水平生理学的人体芯片上有机器官（Organ Chip）微流控培养设备，以缩小体外实验模型与人体病理生理学之间的差距。在这里，我们描述器官芯片的最新发展如何在体外使人类病毒感染的复杂病理生理特征重新产生。