Open burning of crop residue is an important source of air pollution which is poorly characterized in South Asia. Currently, the gridded inventory reported by Global Fire Emissions Database for biomass burning including open burning of crop residue are of coarse resolution (0.25° × 0.25°), and may not be appropriate for a simulation for Nepal. This study develops a comprehensive high resolution (1 km × 1 km) gridded model-ready emissions inventory for Nepal to understand the spatial characteristics of air pollutant emissions from open burning. We estimate the national air pollutant emissions from crop residue burned between the years 2003 and 2017. The best available data on agricultural production, residue consumption patterns, agricultural burning parameters and emission factors were derived from secondary sources. The Monte Carlo method was used to estimate uncertainties. The mass of crop residue burned in 2016/17 was 2908 Gg (61–139%), which was 22% of the dry matter generated that year. By multiplying the burned crop residue mass by emission factors, the air pollutant emissions were estimated as 4140 for CO₂ (56–144%), 154 for CO (4–196%), 6.5 for CH₄ (7–193%), 1.2 for SO₂ (60–140%), 24.5 for PM_2.5 (30–170%), 8.6 for OC (38–162%), 2.2 for BC (-1-201%), 7 for NO_x (54–146%), 22.5 for NMVOC (8–192%) and 2.7 for NH₃ (3–197%) in unit of Gg yr⁻¹. More than 80% of air pollutants were generated during the months of February to May from the open burning of crop residue. The findings of this paper indicate that substantial reduction in open field burning would dramatically improve air quality in both the Terai region and other parts of Nepal and help reduce negative health impacts associated with the open burning of residue such as premature deaths, respiratory disease, and cardiovascular disease.

作物残渣的露天焚烧是重要的空气污染源，在南亚，空气污染的特征很差。目前，全球火灾排放数据库报告的用于生物质燃烧（包括作物残渣的露天燃烧）的网格化清单具有较粗的分辨率（0.25°×0.25°），可能不适用于尼泊尔的模拟。这项研究为尼泊尔开发了一个综合的高分辨率（1 km×1 km）网格化模型就绪排放清单，以了解露天燃烧产生的空气污染物排放的空间特征。我们估算了2003年至2017年间燃烧的农作物残渣造成的全国空气污染物排放。有关农业生产，残渣消耗方式，农业燃烧参数和排放因子的最佳可用数据来自于二手资料。蒙特卡罗方法用于估计不确定性。2016/17年度燃烧的农作物残渣量为2908克（61–139％），占当年产生的干物质的22％。通过将燃烧的农作物残渣质量乘以排放因子，可将二氧化碳的空气污染物排放估算为4140₂（56-144％），154 CO（4-196％），6.5 CH ₄（％7-193），1.2为SO ₂（60-140％），24.5 PM _2.5（30-170％） ，8.6 OC（38-162％），2.2 BC（-1-201％），7 NO _X（54-146％），22.5 NMVOC（8-192％）和2.7 NH ₃（3- Gg yr ^-1的197％）。在2月至5月的几个月中，农作物残余物的露天燃烧产生了80％以上的空气污染物。本文的研究结果表明，大幅减少露天焚烧将极大地改善Terai地区和尼泊尔其他地区的空气质量，并有助于减少与露天焚烧残留物有关的负面健康影响，例如过早死亡，呼吸系统疾病和心血管疾病。