The Amami rabbit Pentalagus furnessi is an endangered leporid species and is endemic to the two subtropical islands (Amami-Oshima Island and Tokunoshima Island) in the Ryukyu Archipelago in southwestern Japan. In total, 11 breeding burrows of this rabbit were detected from 1994 to 2017 in Amami-Oshima Island. Breeding was observed from November to December in most cases and in May in one case. The litter size was one in most cases, except for one burrow which had two offspring. Two burrows were observed during the entire delivery and nursing period for two different years, and the duration of breeding (from estimated date of delivery to the date when the offspring leaves the burrow) in these two burrows was 38 and 43 days. The mother visited the burrow periodically on alternate nights, and the duration of maternal visit was relatively short. The time at which the mother visited the burrow became progressively earlier in the night as the offspring became older. Although some aspects of breeding behaviour are similar to those of other lagomorphs, the Amami rabbit has an extremely small litter size with few breeding seasons in a year, resulting in the lowest fecundity rate among the lagomorph species. This unique reproductive trait is considered to have evolved in the small subtropical island environment that has a relatively stable climate with no native carnivorous mammals.

中文翻译：

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ami美兔五角茴香的独特生殖特性：来自日本西南部的一种濒临灭绝的特有物种

ami美兔五角大楼是一种濒临灭绝的类脂动物，是日本西南部琉球群岛的两个亚热带岛屿（A美大岛岛和德岛岛）的特有物种。从1994年到2017年，在Am美大岛岛总共发现了11只繁殖洞穴。在大多数情况下，从11月至12月观察到繁殖，在5月中，有一个病例在繁殖。在大多数情况下，窝数是一个，除了一个洞穴有两个后代。在整个产程和哺乳期中，在两个不同的年份观察到两个洞穴，这两个洞穴的繁殖持续时间（从估计的交付日期到后代离开洞穴的日期）分别为38天和43天。母亲在隔夜晚上定期探访洞穴，而产妇探望的时间相对较短。随着后代的变老，母亲在晚上探洞的时间逐渐增加。尽管繁殖行为的某些方面与其他兔科动物相似，但the美兔的窝产仔数极小，一年中只有很少的繁殖季节，因此在兔科动物中繁殖力最低。这种独特的生殖特性被认为是在亚热带小岛环境中进化的，该环境具有相对稳定的气候，没有原生肉食性哺乳动物。导致在lagomorph物种中最低的繁殖力。这种独特的生殖特性被认为是在亚热带小岛环境中进化的，该环境气候相对稳定，没有天然食肉哺乳动物。导致在lagomorph物种中繁殖力最低。这种独特的生殖特性被认为是在亚热带小岛环境中进化的，该环境气候相对稳定，没有天然食肉哺乳动物。