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Occurrence, genetic diversity, and recombination of maize lethal necrosis disease-causing viruses in Kenya.
Virus Research ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198081
Francis M Mwatuni 1 , Aggrey Bernard Nyende 2 , Joyce Njuguna 3 , Zhongguo Xiong 4 , Eunice Machuka 3 , Francesca Stomeo 3
Affiliation  

Maize is the most important food crop in Kenya accounting for more than 51 % of all staples grown in the country. Out of Kenya’s 5.3 million ha total crops area, more than 2.1 million ha is occupied by maize which translates to 40 % of all crops area. However, with the emergence of maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease in 2011, the average yields plummeted to all-time lows with severely affected counties recording 90–100% yield loss in 2013 and 2014. The disease is mainly caused by Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) in combination with Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) or other potyviruses. In this study, a country-wide survey was carried out to assess the MLN causing viruses in Kenya, their distribution, genetic diversity, and recombination. The causative viruses of MLN were determined by RT-PCR using virus-specific primers and DAS-ELISA. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data was generated, viral sequences identified, genetic diversity of MLN viruses was determined, and recombination was evaluated. MCMV and SCMV were detected in all the maize growing regions at varying levels of incidence, and severity while MaYMV, a polerovirus was detected in some samples through NGS. However, there were some samples in this study where only MCMV was detected with severe MLN symptoms. SCMV Sequences were highly diverse while MCMV sequences exhibited low variability. Potential recombination events were detected only in SCMV explaining the elevated level of diversity and associated risk of this virus in Kenya and the eastern Africa region.



中文翻译:

肯尼亚玉米致死性坏死病致病病毒的发生,遗传多样性和重组。

玉米是肯尼亚最重要的粮食作物,占该国所有主粮的51%以上。在肯尼亚530万公顷的农作物总面积中,超过210万公顷的玉米被玉米占据,占所有农作物面积的40%。但是,随着2011年玉米致死性坏死(MLN)疾病的出现,平均单产暴跌至历史最低点,受严重影响的县在2013年和2014年记录了90-100%的单产下降。该病主要是由玉米绿斑病引起的病毒(MCMV)与甘蔗花叶病毒结合(SCMV)或其他马铃薯病毒。在这项研究中,进行了全国范围的调查,以评估肯尼亚引起MLN的病毒,其分布,遗传多样性和重组。使用病毒特异性引物和DAS-ELISA通过RT-PCR确定MLN的致病病毒。生成了下一代测序(NGS)数据,鉴定了病毒序列,确定了MLN病毒的遗传多样性,并评估了重组。在所有玉米生长区以不同的发生率和严重程度检测到MCMV和SCMV,而通过NGS在某些样品中检测到了极地病毒MaYMV。但是,该研究中有一些样本仅检测到MCMV具有严重的MLN症状。SCMV序列高度多样化,而MCMV序列表现出低变异性。

更新日期:2020-07-24
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