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Irrigation of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) with microcystin-enriched water holds low risk for plants and their associated rhizopheric and epiphytic microbiome.
Environmental Pollution ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115208
M Petrou 1 , P A Karas 1 , S Vasileiadis 1 , I Zafiriadis 2 , T Papadimitriou 3 , E Levizou 2 , K Kormas 3 , D G Karpouzas 1
Affiliation  

Microcystins (MCs) are toxins produced during cyanobacterial blooms. They reach soil and translocated to plants through irrigation of agricultural land with water from MC-impacted freshwater systems. To date we have good understanding of MC effects on plants, but not for their effects on plant-associated microbiota. We tested the hypothesis that MC-LR, either alone or with other stressors present in the water of the Karla reservoir (a low ecological quality and MC-impacted freshwater system), would affect radish plants and their rhizospheric and phyllospheric microbiome. In this context a pot experiment was employed where radish plants were irrigated with tap water without MC-LR (control) or with 2 or 12 μg L−1 of pure MC-LR (MC2 and MC12), or water from the Karla reservoir amended (12 μg L−1) or not with MC-LR. We measured MC levels in plants and rhizospheric soil and we determined effects on (i) plant growth and physiology (ii) the nitrifying microorganisms via q-PCR, (ii) the diversity of bacterial and fungal rhizospheric and epiphytic communities via amplicon sequencing. MC-LR and/or Karla water treatments resulted in the accumulation of MC in taproot at levels (480–700 ng g−1) entailing possible health risks. MC did not affect plant growth or physiology and it did not impose a consistent inhibitory effect on soil nitrifiers. Karla water rather than MC-LR was the stronger determinant of the rhizospheric and epiphytic microbial communities, suggesting the presence of biotic or abiotic stressors, other than MC-LR, in the water of the Karla reservoir which affect microorganisms with a potential role (i.e. pathogens inhibition, methylotrophy) in the homeostasis of the plant-soil system. Overall, our findings suggest that MC-LR, when applied at environmentally relevant concentrations, is not expected to adversely affect the radish-microbiota system but might still pose risk for consumers' health.



中文翻译:

用富含微囊藻毒素的水灌溉萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)对植物及其相关的根茎和附生微生物组的风险较低。

微囊藻毒素(MCs)是在蓝细菌开花期间产生的毒素。它们通过使用受MC影响的淡水系统的水灌溉农田,到达土壤并转移到植物中。迄今为止,我们对MC对植物的影响有很好的了解,但对它们对与植物相关的微生物群的影响却没有了解。我们测试了以下假设:MC-LR单独或与其他在卡拉水库水中存在的压力源(生态质量低且受MC影响的淡水系统)会影响萝卜植物及其根际和根际微生物组。在这种情况下,采用盆栽实验,其中萝卜植株用不带MC-LR(对照)或2或12μgL -1的纯MC-LR(MC2和MC12)的自来水灌溉,或用来自Karla水库的水灌溉(12微克L -1)或不使用MC-LR。我们测量了植物和根际土壤中的MC含量,并确定了对(i)植物生长和生理(ii)通过q-PCR的硝化微生物的影响,(ii)通过扩增子测序对细​​菌和真菌的根际和附生群落的多样性的影响。MC-LR和/或Karla水处理导致MC在主根中的蓄积水平达到(480-700 ng g -1)可能带来健康风险。MC不会影响植物的生长或生理,也不会对土壤硝化剂产生持续的抑制作用。卡拉水而不是MC-LR是决定根际和附生微生物群落的更强决定因素,这表明在卡拉水库的水中存在除MC-LR之外的生物或非生物胁迫源,这可能会影响具有潜在作用的微生物(即病原体的抑制,甲基营养)在植物-土壤系统的体内平衡中。总体而言,我们的研究结果表明,以环境相关浓度施用MC-LR不会对萝卜-微生物群系统产生不利影响,但仍可能对消费者的健康构成风险。

更新日期:2020-07-13
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