High salinity induces osmotic stress and often leads to sodium ion-specific toxicity, with inhibitory effects on physiological, biochemical, and developmental pathways. To cope with increased Na+ in soil water, plants restrict influx, compartmentalize ions into vacuoles, export excess Na+ from the cell, and distribute ions between the aerial and root organs. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of how High-Affinity K+ TRANSPORTERS (HKT) contribute to salinity tolerance, focusing on HKT1-like family members primarily involved in long-distance transport, and in the recent research in the model plant Arabidopsis and its halophytic counterparts of the Eutrema genus. Functional characterization of the SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE (SOS) pathway and HKT1-type transporters in these species indicate that they utilize similar approaches to deal with salinity, regardless of their tolerance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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拟南芥和相关盐生植物种中的 HKT 钠和钾转运蛋白

高盐度会诱导渗透压力，并经常导致钠离子特异性毒性，对生理、生化和发育途径具有抑制作用。为了应对土壤水中 Na+ 的增加，植物限制流入，将离子分隔成液泡，从细胞中输出多余的 Na+，并在气生器官和根器官之间分配离子。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了我们目前对高亲和力 K+转运蛋白 (HKT) 如何促进耐盐性的理解，重点关注主要参与长距离运输的 HKT1 样家族成员，以及最近对模式植物拟南芥和Eutrema 属的盐生植物对应物。这些物种中盐过度敏感 (SOS) 通路和 HKT1 型转运蛋白的功能特征表明，无论它们的耐受性如何，它们都使用类似的方法来处理盐分。本文受版权保护。版权所有。