Sleep inertia refers to a distinct physiological state of waking up from sleep accompanied by performance impairments and sleepiness. The neural substrates of sleep inertia are unknown, but growing evidence suggests that this inertia state maintains certain sleep features. To investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms of sleep inertia, a comparison of pre‐sleep and post‐sleep wakefulness with eyes‐open resting‐state was performed using simultaneous EEG‐fMRI, which has the potential to reveal the dynamic details of neuroelectric and hemodynamic responses with high temporal resolution. Our data suggested sleep‐like features of slow EEG power and decreased BOLD activity were persistent during sleep inertia. In the pre‐sleep phase, participants with stronger EEG vigilance showed stronger activity in the fronto‐parietal network (FPN), but this phenomenon disappeared during sleep inertia. A time course analysis confirmed a decreased correlation between EEG vigilance and the FPN activity during sleep inertia. This simultaneous EEG‐fMRI study advanced our understanding of sleep inertia and revealed the importance of the FPN in maintaining awareness. This is the first study to reveal the dynamic brain network changes from multi‐modalities perspective during sleep inertia.

中文翻译：

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在睡眠惯性期间丧失警觉的额叶调节器：同时进行 EEG-fMRI 研究。

睡眠惯性是指从睡眠中醒来的一种明显的生理状态，伴随着表现障碍和嗜睡。睡眠惯性的神经基础尚不清楚，但越来越多的证据表明，这种惯性状态保持着某些睡眠特征。为了研究睡眠惯性的神经生理机制，使用同步 EEG-fMRI 对睡前和睡后清醒与睁眼静息状态进行比较，这有可能揭示神经电和血流动力学反应的动态细节高时间分辨率。我们的数据表明，在睡眠惯性期间，EEG 功率缓慢和 BOLD 活动减少的睡眠样特征持续存在。在睡眠前阶段，脑电图警觉性更强的参与者在额顶网络（FPN）中表现出更强的活动，但这种现象在睡眠惯性时消失了。时程分析证实，EEG 警觉性与睡眠惯性期间 FPN 活动之间的相关性降低。这项同步的 EEG-fMRI 研究加深了我们对睡眠惯性的理解，并揭示了 FPN 在保持意识方面的重要性。这是第一项从多模态角度揭示睡眠惯性期间动态大脑网络变化的研究。