This review investigates ant–aphid mutualism (trophobiosis), in particular focusing on evolutionary processes in aphids resulting from this interaction. This broad literature review allows us to revise existing views on certain aspects of this mutualism and provide the first timeline of its possible development over a geological timescale. We propose a new classification of ant–aphid mutualism with respect to its ecological characteristics and present new explanations of the development of certain morphological structures of aphids as resulting from adaptation to a trophobiotic relationship with ants. In light of these findings, the presence of the so‐called ‘trophobiotic organ’ in all myrmecophilous aphids is questioned. We review various communication modes between aphids and mutualistic ants and the possible influence of this symbiosis on modifications of aphid life cycles. Recent evidence on the suspected role of endosymbiotic bacteria in the development of mutualism is discussed. Finally, we propose a first timeline of ant–aphid interactions leading to the development of particular adaptations of aphids to mutualism, from general interactions between diverging Aphidomorpha and ants in the late Mesozoic to more specific coevolution between the aphid tribe Fordini and the ant genus Lasius.

中文翻译：

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蚂蚁诱导的蚜虫进化模式

本综述研究了蚂蚁-蚜虫共生（滋养生物），特别关注由这种相互作用引起的蚜虫的进化过程。这种广泛的文献综述使我们能够修改关于这种共生关系某些方面的现有观点，并提供其在地质时间尺度上可能发展的第一个时间表。我们根据其生态特征提出了一种新的蚂蚁-蚜虫共生分类，并对由于适应与蚂蚁的滋养关系而导致的蚜虫某些形态结构的发展提出了新的解释。根据这些发现，对所有嗜食蚜虫中所谓的“滋养器官”的存在提出了质疑。我们回顾了蚜虫和互惠蚂蚁之间的各种通信模式以及这种共生对蚜虫生命周期修改的可能影响。讨论了关于内共生细菌在共生发展中的可疑作用的最新证据。最后，我们提出了蚂蚁 - 蚜虫相互作用的第一个时间表，导致蚜虫对共生的特殊适应的发展，从分化的蚜虫和中生代晚期蚂蚁之间的一般相互作用到蚜虫部落 Fordini 和蚂蚁属 Lasius 之间更具体的共同进化.