Abstract Peatlands in permafrost region are large carbon pools sensitive to global warming. However, the effects of increased temperature on carbon emissions and associated microbial abundances of peatlands under anaerobic condition remain largely unknown, especially when considering depths. For supplementing the deficiency about this, we collected soil from 0 to 150 cm depth of a permafrost peatland in the Great Hing'an Mountain and incubated at 5 and 15 °C for 55 days under anaerobic condition. Soil CO2 and CH4 emissions were detected during incubation, and inorganic nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, and carbon-cycling microbial abundances were analyzed at the end of incubation. Results showed that emission rates and cumulative emissions amount of CO2 and CH4 at 15 °C across all soil depths were higher than those observed at 5 °C. Specifically, 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm layers had the highest CO2 emission rates and cumulative emission amounts, whereas the 40–60 cm and 60–80 cm layers had the highest CH4 emission rates and cumulative emission amounts. Mean temperature sensitivity (Q10) values of CO2 and CH4 were 2.39 and 55.49 respectively. Q10 values of bacteria, fungi, archaea, methanogen, and methanotroph abundances were 1.17, 3.85, 1.75, 1.68, and 1.66 respectively, which were calculated by the abundance ratio of microbial functional gene at 15 °C and 5 °C. Similar to the trend of CO2 emissions, high bacteria, fungi, archaea, methanogen, and methanotroph functional gene abundances were also observed in 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm layers, and such abundances increased along with temperature increasing. In sum, elevated temperature enhances the carbon emission of peatland in permafrost region, and the warming simulated CO2 emission is linked to the abundances of carbon-cycling microorganisms.

中文翻译：

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厌氧条件下变暖对多年冻土区泥炭地不同土壤深度碳排放和微生物丰度的影响

摘要 多年冻土地区的泥炭地是对全球变暖敏感的大型碳库。然而，温度升高对厌氧条件下泥炭地碳排放和相关微生物丰度的影响在很大程度上仍然未知，尤其是在考虑深度时。为了弥补这方面的不足，我们在大兴安岭永久冻土泥炭地0~150 cm深度处采集土壤，在5℃和15℃厌氧条件下培养55天。在孵化过程中检测到土壤 CO2 和 CH4 排放，并在孵化结束时分析无机氮、溶解有机碳和碳循环微生物丰度。结果表明，15 °C 下所有土壤深度的 CO2 和 CH4 排放率和累积排放量均高于 5 °C 时观察到的排放率和累积排放量。具体而言，0-20 cm 和 20-40 cm 层的 CO2 排放率和累积排放量最高，而 40-60 cm 和 60-80 cm 层的 CH4 排放率和累积排放量最高。CO2 和 CH4 的平均温度敏感性 (Q10) 值分别为 2.39 和 55.49。细菌、真菌、古细菌、产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌丰度的Q10值分别为1.17、3.85、1.75、1.68和1.66，通过15℃和5℃下微生物功能基因的丰度比计算得出。与 CO2 排放趋势相似，在 0-20 cm 和 20-40 cm 层也观察到高细菌、真菌、古细菌、产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌功能基因丰度，并且这种丰度随着温度的升高而增加。总共，