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Improved Phosphorus (P) Uptake and Yield of Rainfed Wheat Fed with P Fertilizer by Drought-Tolerant Phosphate-Solubilizing Fluorescent Pseudomonads Strains: a Field Study in Drylands
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s42729-020-00287-x
Ebrahim Shirmohammadi , Hossein Ali Alikhani , Ahmad Ali Pourbabaei , Hassan Etesami

Application of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to improve phosphorus (P) nutrition of plants under conditions of P deficit in soil has been frequently studied in controlled conditions. However, little research attention has been paid to studying the combined effects of PSB and P fertilizer on improving P uptake and yield of rainfed wheat plant under natural conditions in arid and semi-arid regions including drylands. Field experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with a 3 × 4 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with three replications during years 2017–2018 (Y1) and 2018–2019 (Y2) (at four fields) at two various locations (Qazvin and Zanjan). Experimental treatments included P fertilizer factor at three levels: no fertilizer (P0), triple superphosphate (TSP) fertilizer at 10 kg P ha −1 (P10), and TSP fertilizer at 20 kg P ha −1 (P20) and four variants of PSB factor: no inoculation (B0), inoculation with Pseudomonas baetica B21 (B1), inoculation with Pseudomonas helmanticensis B30 (B2), and co-inoculation with B21 and B30 (B3). The results of this study showed that the growth indices and P nutrition of rainfed wheat in dryland fields were affected by the time and location of planting. The application of 20 kg P ha −1 and single inoculation and co-inoculation of wheat with bacterial strains had a significant ( p ≤ 0.05) impact on reduced electrolyte leakage. However, the application of 20 kg P ha −1 and single inoculation and co-inoculation of wheat with strains B21 and B30 showed a significant ( p ≤ 0.05) effect on increased relative water content, chlorophyll index, proline content, plant height, shoot dry weight, thousand grain weight, and the concentration of shoot and grain P. As a result, application of 20 kg P ha −1 and single inoculation and co-inoculation of wheat with strains B21 and B30 increased grain yield by 63, 43, 52, and 58%, respectively. However, the pattern of these fluctuations differed in different years and locations. The significant enhancement of biomass parameters and grain yield of rainfed wheat by co-inoculation of PSB in combination with 20 kg P ha −1 strongly supports the use of Pseudomonas strains as a biofertilizer for improving the wheat growth and grain yield in rainfed farming systems. The results of this study also highlight the importance of simultaneous introduction of phosphate fertilizer and PSB for improving plant performance under drought stress.

中文翻译:

通过耐旱磷酸盐增溶荧光假单胞菌菌株改善用磷肥喂养的雨育小麦的磷 (P) 吸收和产量:旱地的田间研究

在受控条件下,经常研究在土壤缺磷条件下应用溶磷菌 (PSB) 来改善植物的磷 (P) 营养。然而,在干旱和半干旱地区(包括旱地)自然条件下,PSB 和磷肥联合对提高雨养小麦植株吸磷和产量的影响很少受到关注。在 2017-2018 年(Y1)和 2018-2019 年(Y2)(四个田间)在两个不同地点进行了 3 × 4 × 2 × 2 因子处理的随机完整区组设计,并在 2017-2018 年(Y1)和 2018-2019 年(Y2)期间进行了三次重复(加兹温和赞詹)。实验处理包括三个水平的磷肥因子:不施肥 (P0)、三重过磷酸钙 (TSP) 施肥 10 kg P ha -1 (P10)、和 20 kg P ha -1 (P20) 的 TSP 肥料和 PSB 因子的四种变体:不接种 (B0)、接种 Pseudomonas baetica B21 (B1)、接种 Pseudomonas helmanticensis B30 (B2) 和与 B21 共同接种和 B30 (B3)。本研究结果表明,旱地雨育小麦的生长指标和磷营养受种植时间和地点的影响。施用 20 kg P ha -1 以及小麦与细菌菌株的单次接种和联合接种对减少电解质泄漏有显着影响 (p ≤ 0.05)。然而,20 kg P ha -1 的施用以及小麦与菌株 B21 和 B30 的单接种和联合接种对增加的相对水分含量、叶绿素指数、脯氨酸含量、株高、地上部有显着的影响(p ≤ 0.05)。净重,千粒重,以及地上部和籽粒 P 的浓度。结果,施用 20 kg P ha -1 以及单次接种和联合接种 B21 和 B30 菌株使籽粒产量增加 63、43、52 和分别为 58%。然而,这些波动的模式在不同的年份和地点有所不同。通过联合接种 PSB 和 20 kg P ha -1 显着提高了雨养小麦的生物量参数和谷物产量,这有力地支持了使用假单胞菌菌株作为生物肥料来改善雨养农业系统中小麦生长和谷物产量的观点。这项研究的结果还强调了同时引入磷肥和 PSB 对改善干旱胁迫下植物性能的重要性。施用 20 kg P ha -1 以及单独接种和联合接种 B21 和 B30 菌株的小麦分别使谷物产量提高了 63%、43%、52% 和 58%。然而,这些波动的模式在不同的年份和地点有所不同。通过联合接种 PSB 和 20 kg P ha -1 显着提高了雨养小麦的生物量参数和谷物产量,这有力地支持了使用假单胞菌菌株作为生物肥料来改善雨养农业系统中小麦生长和谷物产量的观点。这项研究的结果还强调了同时引入磷肥和 PSB 对改善干旱胁迫下植物性能的重要性。施用 20 kg P ha -1 以及单独接种和联合接种 B21 和 B30 菌株的小麦分别使谷物产量提高了 63%、43%、52% 和 58%。然而,这些波动的模式在不同的年份和地点有所不同。通过联合接种 PSB 和 20 kg P ha -1 显着提高了雨养小麦的生物量参数和谷物产量,这有力地支持了使用假单胞菌菌株作为生物肥料来改善雨养农业系统中小麦生长和谷物产量的观点。这项研究的结果还强调了同时引入磷肥和 PSB 对改善干旱胁迫下植物性能的重要性。然而,这些波动的模式在不同的年份和地点有所不同。通过联合接种 PSB 和 20 kg P ha -1 显着提高了雨养小麦的生物量参数和谷物产量,这有力地支持了使用假单胞菌菌株作为生物肥料来改善雨养农业系统中小麦生长和谷物产量的观点。这项研究的结果还强调了同时引入磷肥和 PSB 对改善干旱胁迫下植物性能的重要性。然而,这些波动的模式在不同的年份和地点有所不同。通过联合接种 PSB 和 20 kg P ha -1 显着提高了雨养小麦的生物量参数和谷物产量,这有力地支持了使用假单胞菌菌株作为生物肥料来改善雨养农业系统中小麦生长和谷物产量的观点。这项研究的结果还强调了同时引入磷肥和 PSB 对改善干旱胁迫下植物性能的重要性。通过联合接种 PSB 和 20 kg P ha -1 显着提高了雨养小麦的生物量参数和谷物产量,这有力地支持了使用假单胞菌菌株作为生物肥料来改善雨养农业系统中小麦生长和谷物产量的观点。本研究的结果还强调了同时引入磷肥和 PSB 对改善干旱胁迫下植物性能的重要性。通过联合接种 PSB 和 20 kg P ha -1 显着提高了雨养小麦的生物量参数和谷物产量,这有力地支持了使用假单胞菌菌株作为生物肥料来改善雨养农业系统中小麦生长和谷物产量的观点。这项研究的结果还强调了同时引入磷肥和 PSB 对改善干旱胁迫下植物性能的重要性。
更新日期:2020-07-11
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