Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the most common cancers of the genitourinary system. Once RCC has progressed to a high tumor stage, surgery is no longer the optimal option, and treatment with drugs is more suitable. However, a proportion of patients with advanced RCC (aRCC) experience accelerated progression following targeted therapy or immunotherapy, a condition known as hyperprogressive disease (HPD). There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the importance of HPD. In the present review, thousands of studies that describe a variety of treatments for aRCC were identified in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library and analyzed to establish the severity of clinical outcomes. Therefore, we managed to perform a review related to HPD of aRCC in these databases. It was found that 7~74% of patients advanced into progressive disease, 0~45% of patients died during post-treatment assessment, possibly due to fatal HPD. However, risk factors, mechanisms, and predictive factors are still not entirely clear. It is suggested that combination therapies might play a pivotal role in preventing HPD. Additional light needs to be shed on customization of therapies for aRCC after more data is collected and analyzed for HPD.

肾细胞癌 (RCC) 是泌尿生殖系统最常见的癌症之一。一旦 RCC 进展到高肿瘤阶段，手术不再是最佳选择，药物治疗更合适。然而，一部分晚期 RCC (aRCC) 患者在靶向治疗或免疫治疗后出现加速进展，这种情况称为过度进展性疾病 (HPD)。越来越多的文献认识到 HPD 的重要性。在本综述中，在 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Cochrane Library 中确定了数千项描述 aRCC 各种治疗方法的研究，并对其进行了分析以确定临床结果的严重程度。因此，我们设法在这些数据库中进行了与 aRCC 的 HPD 相关的审查。结果发现，7~74%的患者进展为疾病进展，0~45% 的患者在治疗后评估期间死亡，可能是由于致命的 HPD。然而，危险因素、机制和预测因素仍不完全清楚。建议联合疗法可能在预防 HPD 中发挥关键作用。在为 HPD 收集和分析更多数据后，需要进一步阐明 aRCC 的疗法定制。