Good knowledge of inland water dynamics is of great significance for water management, preserving ecological balance and supporting industrial and agricultural development. However, the existing water cover products and water extraction methods cannot meet the present needs of monitoring water distribution and dynamic changes accurately and timely, particularly in the areas frequently disturbed by human activities, such as the Taihu Lake region. This article proposed an expert knowledge system to detect annual stable water and separate aquaculture water from natural water, and a frequency-based approach is used to generate stable water map within a year. All available Landsat Level-2 images were used to generate annual 30-m resolution stable water products from 1984 to 2018, and analyze the historical spatial–temporal changes of the water body in the Taihu Lake region. Furthermore, we related each important graph change with a reality event at that time. The results suggest that human activities have an obviously stronger influence on surface water than climate fluctuations in the Taihu Lake region, and confirm the effectiveness of ecological protection policy in maintaining the stability of the total amount of natural water in the past few decades. The spatial–temporal disturbance of aquaculture also provided another perspective and a reliable evidence of previous studies on the influence of human activities on the eutrophication process of Taihu Lake.

中文翻译：

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时间序列Landsat影像监测1984年以来太湖周围人为地表水扰动

深入了解内陆水动态对于水资源管理、维护生态平衡和支持工农业发展具有重要意义。然而，现有的水覆盖产品和水提取方法不能满足当前准确、及时监测水分布和动态变化的需要，特别是在人类活动频繁干扰的地区，如太湖地区。本文提出了一个专家知识系统来检测年稳定水量并将养殖水与天然水分离，并使用基于频率的方法生成一年内的稳定水图。从 1984 年到 2018 年，所有可用的 Landsat Level-2 图像都用于生成每年 30 米分辨率的稳定水产品，分析太湖地区水体的历史时空变化。此外，我们将每个重要的图表变化与当时的现实事件联系起来。研究结果表明，太湖地区人类活动对地表水的影响明显大于气候波动，证实了生态保护政策在保持过去几十年自然水总量稳定方面的有效性。水产养殖的时空干扰也为以往人类活动对太湖富营养化过程影响的研究提供了另一个视角和可靠证据。研究结果表明，太湖地区人类活动对地表水的影响明显大于气候波动，证实了生态保护政策在保持过去几十年自然水总量稳定方面的有效性。水产养殖的时空干扰也为以往人类活动对太湖富营养化过程影响的研究提供了另一个视角和可靠证据。研究结果表明，太湖地区人类活动对地表水的影响明显大于气候波动，证实了生态保护政策在保持过去几十年自然水总量稳定方面的有效性。水产养殖的时空干扰也为以往人类活动对太湖富营养化过程影响的研究提供了另一个视角和可靠证据。