Tylosin fermentation dregs (TFDs) are biosolid waste of antibiotics tylosin production process which contain nutritious components and may be recycled as soil amendments. However, the specific ecological safety of TFDs from the perspective of bacterial resistance in soil microenvironment is not fully explored. In the present study, a series of replicated lab-scale work were performed using the simulated fertilization to gain insight into the potential environmental effects and risks of macrolide antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the soil microbial communities composition via quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing following the TFDs land application as the soil amendments. The results showed that bio-processes might play an important role in the decomposition of tylosin which degraded above 90% after 20 days in soil. The application of TFDs might induce the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, change soil environment and reduce the microbial diversity. Though the abundances of macrolide ARGs exhibited a decreasing trend following the tylosin degradation, other components in TFDs may have a lasting impact on both macrolide ARGs abundance and soil bacterial communities. Thus, this study pointed out the fate of TFDs on soil ecological environment when directly applying into soil, and provide valuable scientific basis for TFDs management.

泰乐菌素发酵渣（TFDs）是抗生素泰乐菌素生产过程中的生物固体废物，其中含有营养成分，可以作为土壤改良剂回收利用。然而，从土壤微环境中细菌抗性的角度出发，TFDs的特定生态安全性尚未得到充分研究。在本研究中，使用模拟施肥进行了一系列重复的实验室规模的工作，以通过定量PCR和16S rRNA测序深入了解大环内酯类抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的潜在环境影响和风险以及土壤微生物群落组成遵循TFDs的土地申请作为土壤改良剂。结果表明，生物过程可能在泰乐菌素的分解中起重要作用，泰乐菌素在土壤中20天后降解超过90％。TFDs的应用可能会诱导抗药性细菌的发展，改变土壤环境并降低微生物多样性。尽管大环内酯类ARGs的含量随泰乐菌素降解而呈下降趋势，但TFDs中的其他成分可能对大环内酯类ARGs的含量和土壤细菌群落产生持久影响。因此，本研究指出了TFDs直接应用于土壤中时对土壤生态环境的命运，为TFDs的管理提供了有价值的科学依据。TFD中的其他成分可能对大环内酯类ARG的丰度和土壤细菌群落产生持久影响。因此，本研究指出了TFDs直接应用于土壤中时对土壤生态环境的命运，为TFDs的管理提供了有价值的科学依据。TFD中的其他成分可能对大环内酯类ARG的丰度和土壤细菌群落产生持久影响。因此，本研究指出了TFDs直接应用于土壤中时对土壤生态环境的命运，为TFDs的管理提供了有价值的科学依据。