Abstract In many relevant situations, water is not in its bulk form but instead attached to some substrates or filling some cavities. We shall call water in the latter environment confined water as opposed to bulk water. It is known that the confined water is essential for the stability and the function of biological macromolecules. In this paper, we provide a review of the experimental and computational advances over the past decades concerning the understanding of the structure and dynamics of water confined in aqueous solutions of biological relevance. Examples involving water in solution of organic solutes (cryoprotectants such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), sugars such as trehalose) are provided.

中文翻译：

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限制在具有生物学意义的溶液中的水

摘要 在许多相关情况下，水不是以散装形式存在，而是附着在某些基材上或填充某些空腔。我们将后一种环境中的水称为封闭水，而不是散装水。众所周知，承压水对生物大分子的稳定性和功能至关重要。在本文中，我们回顾了过去几十年在理解具有生物相关性的水溶液中限制的水的结构和动力学方面的实验和计算进展。提供了涉及有机溶质（冷冻保护剂，如二甲亚砜 (DMSO)，糖类，如海藻糖）溶液中的水的例子。