Adulteration is the root cause of producing not only a chemically and pharmacologically inferior but also in some instances hazardous or poisonous drug. Despite availability of several techniques, microscopy and physicochemical analyses are the most practical approaches for crude drug authentication. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate morphological, microscopic, and physicochemical properties of root, bark, leaf, and fruit of Diospyros montana Morphological properties were determined by sensory organs, whereas microscopic features of cross‐sections and powders were determined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The proximate and fluorescence analyses were performed using the standard guidelines. The physical examination of fresh, shade‐dried, and powdered material showed no significant change in color. The identifying cellular structures included cuboidal cork, pitted tracheids, scalariform, reticulate and spiral xylary vessels, and rosettes, raphide, and cuboidal calcium oxalate crystals. The stomatal number, stomatal index, vein‐islet and vein‐termination number, and palisade ratio in the leaf were found to be 293.91 ± 32.68 mm⁻², 64.18 ± 3.42%, 22.00 ± 3.81 mm⁻² and 38.40 ± 5.81 mm⁻², and 3.85 ± 0.60, respectively. Total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash and sulfated ash of leaf (9.00 ± 0.50%, 1.67 ± 0.23%, 2.00 ± 0.22% and 14.50 ± 0.99%, respectively), foaming index of bark and root (111.11 ± 2.11), and swelling index of fruit (19.00 ± 3.45) were higher than the other parts. The powder of different parts showed characteristic colors in the daylight and UV light upon treatment with various regents. The plant was found to be rich in saponins, fibers, and flavonoids. The results of the present study may serve as identifiers of different parts of Diospyros montana.

中文翻译：

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Diospyros montana 的形态、显微和物理化学研究。

掺假不仅是产生化学和药理学劣质药物的根本原因，而且在某些情况下也是产生危险或有毒药物的根本原因。尽管有多种技术可用，但显微镜和理化分析是最实用的原料药鉴定方法。因此，本研究旨在评估柿树的根、树皮、叶和果实的形态、微观和理化特性。形态学特性由感觉器官决定，而横截面和粉末的微观特征由光学和扫描电子显微镜决定。使用标准指南进行近似和荧光分析。新鲜、阴干和粉状材料的物理检查显示颜色没有显着变化。可识别的细胞结构包括立方形软木、有凹坑的管胞、鳞状、网状和螺旋状木管，以及玫瑰花结、针状和立方形草酸钙晶体。发现叶片中的气孔数、气孔指数、脉岛和脉终止数以及栅栏比分别为293.91±32.68 mm ^-2、64.18 ± 3.42%、22.00 ± 3.81 mm ^-2和38.40 ± 5 8 ^{。 2}, 和 3.85 ± 0.60，分别。叶总灰分、酸不溶灰分、水溶性灰分和硫酸化灰分（分别为9.00 ± 0.50%、1.67 ± 0.23%、2.00 ± 0.22%和14.50 ± 0.99%），树皮和根的发泡指数（111.111）±2。 ,果实膨大指数(19.00 ± 3.45)高于其他部位。不同部位的粉末在用各种试剂处理后在日光和紫外线下显示出特征颜色。发现该植物富含皂苷、纤维和类黄酮。本研究的结果可作为柿树不同部位的标识符。